To look for stuff on Megaupload.com site, enter the following string in the box when you are on the Google site.
?d= site:MEGAUPLOAD.com
If you want to find specific file names or types, add them at the beginning of the string putting "OR" in between if you are using more than one term.
Example:
.avi OR .mpg ?d= site:MEGAUPLOAD.com
Also remember to click on the option where Google asks to do it again without the similar results omitted.
You might be surprised at what you can find with just a little work.
Or, paste this into your browser
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&saf...com&btnG=Search
Friday, February 15, 2008
fuel cells to change laptap
Soon you could be running your laptop computer all day without a recharge as commercial versions of fuel cells go on sale.
At the Cebit technology fair in Hanover, Taiwanese hi-tech firm Antig said its fuel cells should be on the shelves of computer shops by early 2007.
The first versions of the methanol-using units should keep a laptop going for up to nine hours.
Fuel cell technology got a boost recently when international air flight regulators changed rules that banned passengers from carrying flammable methanol onto aircraft.
Linnet Tsai, deputy marketing manager for Antig, said the first fuel cells to go on sale would marry familiar lithium-ion batteries with the methanol-based technology.
Instead of storing power, fuel cells generate electricity by breaking down methanol via an electrochemical process.
The fuel cells can be recharged by topping them up with methanol from a cartridge.
These "hybrid" devices will work with existing laptops and will fit into the media bay - typically the location of the CD/DVD drive.
Laws changing
Ms Tsai said its manufacturing partner was currently evaluating the finished product - a process that could take up to six months.
Preparing sales channels and the delivery system so consumers find it easy to get hold of methanol cartridges will take a few more months.
QUOTE
The regulations are coming along, the product is coming along and the third part with the infrastructure for the cartridges is coming along too
- Linnet Tsai, Antig
But she was hopeful that Antig fuel cells would be on sale by early 2007.
She added that international air travel laws would limit the attractiveness of fuel cells before that date.
"There used to be restrictions on passengers to take methanol on flights," said Ms Tsai.
But, she explained, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) recently changed its guidelines to allow passengers to take methanol cartridges with them when they travel.
Ms Tsai said the change in regulations come into force in January 2007.
"The regulations are coming along, the product is coming along and the third part with the infrastructure for the cartridges is coming along, too," Ms Tsai added.
At the Cebit technology fair in Hanover, Taiwanese hi-tech firm Antig said its fuel cells should be on the shelves of computer shops by early 2007.
The first versions of the methanol-using units should keep a laptop going for up to nine hours.
Fuel cell technology got a boost recently when international air flight regulators changed rules that banned passengers from carrying flammable methanol onto aircraft.
Linnet Tsai, deputy marketing manager for Antig, said the first fuel cells to go on sale would marry familiar lithium-ion batteries with the methanol-based technology.
Instead of storing power, fuel cells generate electricity by breaking down methanol via an electrochemical process.
The fuel cells can be recharged by topping them up with methanol from a cartridge.
These "hybrid" devices will work with existing laptops and will fit into the media bay - typically the location of the CD/DVD drive.
Laws changing
Ms Tsai said its manufacturing partner was currently evaluating the finished product - a process that could take up to six months.
Preparing sales channels and the delivery system so consumers find it easy to get hold of methanol cartridges will take a few more months.
QUOTE
The regulations are coming along, the product is coming along and the third part with the infrastructure for the cartridges is coming along too
- Linnet Tsai, Antig
But she was hopeful that Antig fuel cells would be on sale by early 2007.
She added that international air travel laws would limit the attractiveness of fuel cells before that date.
"There used to be restrictions on passengers to take methanol on flights," said Ms Tsai.
But, she explained, the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) recently changed its guidelines to allow passengers to take methanol cartridges with them when they travel.
Ms Tsai said the change in regulations come into force in January 2007.
"The regulations are coming along, the product is coming along and the third part with the infrastructure for the cartridges is coming along, too," Ms Tsai added.
Firefox speed tweaks more
yes i no firefox is damn fast but did u no that u can make it even more faster. heres how u du it-
That's the beauty of this program being open source.
Here's what you do:
In the URL bar, type “about:config” and press enter. This will bring up the configuration “menu” where you can change the parameters of Firefox.
Note that these are what I’ve found to REALLY speed up my Firefox significantly - and these settings seem to be common among everybody else as well. But these settings are optimized for broadband connections - I mean with as much concurrent requests we’re going to open up with pipelining… lol… you’d better have a big connection.
Double Click on the following settins and put in the numbers below - for the true / false booleans - they’ll change when you double click.
browser.tabs.showSingleWindowModePrefs – true
network.http.max-connections – 48
network.http.max-connections-per-server – 16
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy – 8
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server – 4
network.http.pipelining – true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests – 100
network.http.proxy.pipelining – true
network.http.request.timeout – 300
One more thing… Right-click somewhere on that screen and add a NEW -> Integer. Name it “nglayout.initialpaint.delay” and set its value to “0”. This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives. Since you’re broadband - it shouldn’t have to wait.
Now you should notice you’re loading pages MUCH faster now!
http://www.theforumz.com/forumz/showthread.php?postid=251495#post251495
Unhidden
CODE
If you use Firefox, here are some tips to make it "better"
If you search your "Documents and Settings" folder for "prefs.js", you can find your Firefox profile directory.
In the directory with prefs.js, create (or edit) a new file called "user.js". Anything placed in this file will override the prefs.js file.
//begin my preferences
// Instead of annoying error dialog messages, display pages:
user_pref("browser.xul.error_pages.enabled", true);
// More DOM/JavaScript options
// Make sure all pop-up windows are resizable:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.resizable", true);
// Make sure all pop-up windows are minimizable:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.minimizable", true);
// Always display the menu in pop-up windows:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.menubar", true);
// Always display the Navigation Toolbar in pop-up windows:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.location", true);
// Prevent sites from disabling scrollbars:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.scrollbars", true);
// Disable Bookmark Icons
user_pref("browser.chrome.site_icons", false);
user_pref("browser.chrome.favicons", false);
//stop sites from spawning new browsers
user_pref("browser.block.target_new_window", true);
user_pref("browser.tabs.opentabfor.middleclick", true);
user_pref("browser.tabs.opentabfor.urlbar", true);
//gets rid of display quirk with images
user_pref("browser.display.show_image_placeholders", false);
//use bandwidth more effeciently and maybe load sites faster
user_pref("network.http.pipelining", true);
user_pref("network.http.pipelining.firstrequest", true);
user_pref("network.http.pipelining.maxrequests", 8);
user_pref("nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);
user_pref("network.http.proxy.pipelining", true);
user_pref("content.notify.backoffcount", 5);
user_pref("plugin.expose_full_path", true);
user_pref("ui.submenuDelay", 0);
user_pref("content.interrupt.parsing", true);
user_pref("content.max.tokenizing.time", 2250000);
user_pref("content.notify.interval", 750000);
user_pref("content.notify.ontimer", true);
user_pref("content.switch.threshold", 750000);
user_pref("nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);
user_pref("network.http.max-connections", 48);
user_pref("network.http.max-connections-per-server", 16);
user_pref("network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy", 16);
user_pref("network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server", 8);
//use memory for caching 65535 might be better for 1GB of RAM
user_pref("browser.cache.memory.capacity", 16384);
From there, browse into the "chrome" directory. Create or edit this files.
"userChrome.css"
/* Make menus XP style */
menupopup, popup {
border: 1px solid ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-left-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-top-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-right-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-bottom-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
padding: 2px !important;
background-color: Menu !important;
}
menubar > menu {
border: 1px solid transparent !important;
padding: 2px 5px 2px 7px !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}
menubar > menu[_moz-menuactive="true"] {
background-color : Highlight !important;
color: HighlightText !important;
}
/* Change color of active tab */
tab{
-moz-appearance: none !important;
}
tab[selected="true"] {
background-color: rgb(222,218,210) !important;
color: black !important;
}
/* Change color of normal tabs */
tab:not([selected="true"]) {
background-color: rgb(200,196,188) !important;
color: gray !important;
}
for those integer which they dont have in the about:config, please enter as new once, when you right click, if you opt for bolean thenits means ou put settings should be true or false, and an interger is a value one, so if there are no new once, please addd the new once and enjoy. these
That's the beauty of this program being open source.
Here's what you do:
In the URL bar, type “about:config” and press enter. This will bring up the configuration “menu” where you can change the parameters of Firefox.
Note that these are what I’ve found to REALLY speed up my Firefox significantly - and these settings seem to be common among everybody else as well. But these settings are optimized for broadband connections - I mean with as much concurrent requests we’re going to open up with pipelining… lol… you’d better have a big connection.
Double Click on the following settins and put in the numbers below - for the true / false booleans - they’ll change when you double click.
browser.tabs.showSingleWindowModePrefs – true
network.http.max-connections – 48
network.http.max-connections-per-server – 16
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy – 8
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server – 4
network.http.pipelining – true
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests – 100
network.http.proxy.pipelining – true
network.http.request.timeout – 300
One more thing… Right-click somewhere on that screen and add a NEW -> Integer. Name it “nglayout.initialpaint.delay” and set its value to “0”. This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it receives. Since you’re broadband - it shouldn’t have to wait.
Now you should notice you’re loading pages MUCH faster now!
http://www.theforumz.com/forumz/showthread.php?postid=251495#post251495
Unhidden
CODE
If you use Firefox, here are some tips to make it "better"
If you search your "Documents and Settings" folder for "prefs.js", you can find your Firefox profile directory.
In the directory with prefs.js, create (or edit) a new file called "user.js". Anything placed in this file will override the prefs.js file.
//begin my preferences
// Instead of annoying error dialog messages, display pages:
user_pref("browser.xul.error_pages.enabled", true);
// More DOM/JavaScript options
// Make sure all pop-up windows are resizable:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.resizable", true);
// Make sure all pop-up windows are minimizable:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.minimizable", true);
// Always display the menu in pop-up windows:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.menubar", true);
// Always display the Navigation Toolbar in pop-up windows:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.location", true);
// Prevent sites from disabling scrollbars:
user_pref("dom.disable_window_open_feature.scrollbars", true);
// Disable Bookmark Icons
user_pref("browser.chrome.site_icons", false);
user_pref("browser.chrome.favicons", false);
//stop sites from spawning new browsers
user_pref("browser.block.target_new_window", true);
user_pref("browser.tabs.opentabfor.middleclick", true);
user_pref("browser.tabs.opentabfor.urlbar", true);
//gets rid of display quirk with images
user_pref("browser.display.show_image_placeholders", false);
//use bandwidth more effeciently and maybe load sites faster
user_pref("network.http.pipelining", true);
user_pref("network.http.pipelining.firstrequest", true);
user_pref("network.http.pipelining.maxrequests", 8);
user_pref("nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);
user_pref("network.http.proxy.pipelining", true);
user_pref("content.notify.backoffcount", 5);
user_pref("plugin.expose_full_path", true);
user_pref("ui.submenuDelay", 0);
user_pref("content.interrupt.parsing", true);
user_pref("content.max.tokenizing.time", 2250000);
user_pref("content.notify.interval", 750000);
user_pref("content.notify.ontimer", true);
user_pref("content.switch.threshold", 750000);
user_pref("nglayout.initialpaint.delay", 0);
user_pref("network.http.max-connections", 48);
user_pref("network.http.max-connections-per-server", 16);
user_pref("network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy", 16);
user_pref("network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server", 8);
//use memory for caching 65535 might be better for 1GB of RAM
user_pref("browser.cache.memory.capacity", 16384);
From there, browse into the "chrome" directory. Create or edit this files.
"userChrome.css"
/* Make menus XP style */
menupopup, popup {
border: 1px solid ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-left-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-top-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-right-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
-moz-border-bottom-colors: ThreeDShadow !important;
padding: 2px !important;
background-color: Menu !important;
}
menubar > menu {
border: 1px solid transparent !important;
padding: 2px 5px 2px 7px !important;
margin: 0 !important;
}
menubar > menu[_moz-menuactive="true"] {
background-color : Highlight !important;
color: HighlightText !important;
}
/* Change color of active tab */
tab{
-moz-appearance: none !important;
}
tab[selected="true"] {
background-color: rgb(222,218,210) !important;
color: black !important;
}
/* Change color of normal tabs */
tab:not([selected="true"]) {
background-color: rgb(200,196,188) !important;
color: gray !important;
}
for those integer which they dont have in the about:config, please enter as new once, when you right click, if you opt for bolean thenits means ou put settings should be true or false, and an interger is a value one, so if there are no new once, please addd the new once and enjoy. these
Find and download all rapid share
Find and download ALL Rapidshare Files
with google
Find and download ALL Rapidshare Files... ...
(Apps+) with this Google String:
http://www.google.com/search?q=inurl:rapidshare.de/files-en&hl=en&lr=&filter=0&num=100
You can use different Proxies and kill Cookies to get unlimited downloads!
Some very interesting stuff here gang...
This seems to work for rar files :
http://www.google.com/search?q=rar+%22inurl:rapidshare+de+files+en%22&num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&filter=0
...and mp3 :
http://www.google.com/search?q=mp3+%22inurl:rapidshare+de+files+en%22&num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&filter=0
with google
Find and download ALL Rapidshare Files... ...
(Apps+) with this Google String:
http://www.google.com/search?q=inurl:rapidshare.de/files-en&hl=en&lr=&filter=0&num=100
You can use different Proxies and kill Cookies to get unlimited downloads!
Some very interesting stuff here gang...
This seems to work for rar files :
http://www.google.com/search?q=rar+%22inurl:rapidshare+de+files+en%22&num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&filter=0
...and mp3 :
http://www.google.com/search?q=mp3+%22inurl:rapidshare+de+files+en%22&num=100&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&filter=0
Dsl vs cable
DSL vs. Cable: Availability
One cannot use an internet service if one does not have access to it. Thus availability is a hugely important factor in the battle of DSL vs. cable. Here, cable has a definite edge. DSL's range is limited, as service cannot be extended more than 3 or so miles from its source. However, many of the areas outside the range of DSL are also not served by cable. If you have access to both DSL and cable, this category does not really affect your decision either way.
DSL vs. Cable
So which should I choose in DSL vs. cable? There's a lot you can learn about DSL vs. Cable. As tends to be the case with these things, it depends on your situation. If you live in a busy internet neighborhood, or just down the street from the phone company, DSL can be faster. But if a DSL install goes wrong, you're without a phone for the week. No one trait is generally any better than the other in either service. Check out high speed internet reviews, or high speed internet buying guides for the providers in your area, then make the call.
DSL vs. Cable: Price
Another high priority for home internet users in the battle is cost. In terms of DSL vs. cable modem, this one is really a toss-up. DSL internet packages generally cost around $40. Though rates get difficult to calculate with all the package plans being offered, cable internet service costs around $40 as well. However, if you do not already pay for an existing phone line, you will need to do that before you can get DSL, incurring a hefty additional monthly charge.
DSL vs. Cable: Installation
Installing anything can be a hassle. In the DSL vs. Cable battle, this one seems at first likes another toss-up. A blown DSL installation can interfere with the phone service. Cable internet requires that a new cable outlet be installed. Though now each service offers self-install kits of similar price, DSL tends to be much easier to install. Still, a significant difference between the two is not readily noticeable.
DSL vs. Cable
There's a lot you can learn about DSL vs. Cable. At the dawn of home user broadband, cable and DSL immediately distanced themselves from other options, such as wireless satellite signals. Since then, DSL vs. cable has been the dispute at the forefront of the broadband world. Currently, about 65% of broadband internet users are on cable. DSL is second with 35%. They offer many of the same services at a comparable price point. The tips below compare the two point by point.
DSL vs. Cable: Speed
Most internet users consider speed to be their foremost priority. In terms of DSL vs. cable, cable internet definitely starts to pull ahead. As TV signals carry far more data than phone signals, cable has naturally higher theoretical bandwidths. Cable does tend to lose performance far more rapidly under heavy usage, though, and DSL can provide better speeds in cable modem vs. DSL tests in highly populated areas. Thus, there is generally a limited difference in speed between the two.
One cannot use an internet service if one does not have access to it. Thus availability is a hugely important factor in the battle of DSL vs. cable. Here, cable has a definite edge. DSL's range is limited, as service cannot be extended more than 3 or so miles from its source. However, many of the areas outside the range of DSL are also not served by cable. If you have access to both DSL and cable, this category does not really affect your decision either way.
DSL vs. Cable
So which should I choose in DSL vs. cable? There's a lot you can learn about DSL vs. Cable. As tends to be the case with these things, it depends on your situation. If you live in a busy internet neighborhood, or just down the street from the phone company, DSL can be faster. But if a DSL install goes wrong, you're without a phone for the week. No one trait is generally any better than the other in either service. Check out high speed internet reviews, or high speed internet buying guides for the providers in your area, then make the call.
DSL vs. Cable: Price
Another high priority for home internet users in the battle is cost. In terms of DSL vs. cable modem, this one is really a toss-up. DSL internet packages generally cost around $40. Though rates get difficult to calculate with all the package plans being offered, cable internet service costs around $40 as well. However, if you do not already pay for an existing phone line, you will need to do that before you can get DSL, incurring a hefty additional monthly charge.
DSL vs. Cable: Installation
Installing anything can be a hassle. In the DSL vs. Cable battle, this one seems at first likes another toss-up. A blown DSL installation can interfere with the phone service. Cable internet requires that a new cable outlet be installed. Though now each service offers self-install kits of similar price, DSL tends to be much easier to install. Still, a significant difference between the two is not readily noticeable.
DSL vs. Cable
There's a lot you can learn about DSL vs. Cable. At the dawn of home user broadband, cable and DSL immediately distanced themselves from other options, such as wireless satellite signals. Since then, DSL vs. cable has been the dispute at the forefront of the broadband world. Currently, about 65% of broadband internet users are on cable. DSL is second with 35%. They offer many of the same services at a comparable price point. The tips below compare the two point by point.
DSL vs. Cable: Speed
Most internet users consider speed to be their foremost priority. In terms of DSL vs. cable, cable internet definitely starts to pull ahead. As TV signals carry far more data than phone signals, cable has naturally higher theoretical bandwidths. Cable does tend to lose performance far more rapidly under heavy usage, though, and DSL can provide better speeds in cable modem vs. DSL tests in highly populated areas. Thus, there is generally a limited difference in speed between the two.
Dos attacks
Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, where hackers overload networks with data in an effort to disable them, have risen 50%, a security report says.
The biannual Symantec Threat Report said phishing, where fraudulent e-mails demand passwords from unwitting users, rose 39% in the last six months.
Web security firm Symantec said the trend in cybercrime was towards subtle theft and away from attention-seeking.
It said "crimeware", tailored to steal financial data, was the new threat.
Hackers are using techniques like bot networks, software robots running on unwitting users' machines, to silently commit fraud.
Or the bot-infected computers are used to launch DoS attacks - now running at 1,402 a day - as part of extortion attempts. Phishing attempts are approaching eight million a day.
Targeted methods
Richard Archdeacon, from Symantec, said: "Gone are the days when script-kiddies used to develop attacks which would cause maximum damage and attract as much attention as possible.
"The people behind today's cybercrime are using silent and more targeted methods to steal data and other sensitive information undetected.
"The increased use of bot networks is coupled with the emergence of an online 'mafia' which sees a few 'Mr Bigs' controlling massive parts of the internet for financial gain."
Much of the rise in bot-infected computers was in China, with a 37% growth. The rapid rise in broadband usage is thought to explain some of the trend.
The Symantec researchers said one growth area in the future could be hackers harvesting financial data to sell on to third parties to use in fraud.
The firm advises all users to keep anti-virus software update, install a firewall and install security patches as soon as they are released.
The biannual Symantec Threat Report said phishing, where fraudulent e-mails demand passwords from unwitting users, rose 39% in the last six months.
Web security firm Symantec said the trend in cybercrime was towards subtle theft and away from attention-seeking.
It said "crimeware", tailored to steal financial data, was the new threat.
Hackers are using techniques like bot networks, software robots running on unwitting users' machines, to silently commit fraud.
Or the bot-infected computers are used to launch DoS attacks - now running at 1,402 a day - as part of extortion attempts. Phishing attempts are approaching eight million a day.
Targeted methods
Richard Archdeacon, from Symantec, said: "Gone are the days when script-kiddies used to develop attacks which would cause maximum damage and attract as much attention as possible.
"The people behind today's cybercrime are using silent and more targeted methods to steal data and other sensitive information undetected.
"The increased use of bot networks is coupled with the emergence of an online 'mafia' which sees a few 'Mr Bigs' controlling massive parts of the internet for financial gain."
Much of the rise in bot-infected computers was in China, with a 37% growth. The rapid rise in broadband usage is thought to explain some of the trend.
The Symantec researchers said one growth area in the future could be hackers harvesting financial data to sell on to third parties to use in fraud.
The firm advises all users to keep anti-virus software update, install a firewall and install security patches as soon as they are released.
Delete HIberfil.sys file
If you use the Windows XP's Hibernation feature on your laptop, you may want to delete the Hiberfil.sys file from the hard disk before defragmenting. When you put your computer in hibernation, Windows XP writes all memory content to the Hiberfil.sys file before shutting down the system. Then, when you turn your computer back on, the OS uses the Hiberfil.sys file to put everything back into memory, and the computer resumes where it left off. However, Windows XP leaves the Hiberfil.sys file on the hard disk, even though it's no longer needed.
The Hiberfil.sys file, which can be very large, is a special system file that Disk Defragmenter cannot defragment. Therefore, the presence of the Hiberfil.sys file will prevent Disk Defragmenter from performing a thorough defragmenting operation.
Follow these steps to remove the Hiberfil.sys file from the hard disk:
1. Access the Control Panel and double-click Power Options.
2. Select the Hibernate tab in the Power Options Properties dialog box.
3. Clear the Enable Hibernation check box and click OK.
As soon as you clear the check box, Windows XP automatically deletes the Hiberfil.sys file from the hard disk. Once you complete the defrag operation, you can re-enable the Hibernation feature.
The Hiberfil.sys file, which can be very large, is a special system file that Disk Defragmenter cannot defragment. Therefore, the presence of the Hiberfil.sys file will prevent Disk Defragmenter from performing a thorough defragmenting operation.
Follow these steps to remove the Hiberfil.sys file from the hard disk:
1. Access the Control Panel and double-click Power Options.
2. Select the Hibernate tab in the Power Options Properties dialog box.
3. Clear the Enable Hibernation check box and click OK.
As soon as you clear the check box, Windows XP automatically deletes the Hiberfil.sys file from the hard disk. Once you complete the defrag operation, you can re-enable the Hibernation feature.
Check whose ip address is connected
Check who's IPs is connected to you
Check who's IPs is connected to you
I stumbled across this on another board, and I found it so simple, yet helpful, I thought I'd share this with you.
All you have to do is:
- open notepad
- copy the following lines
@echo
@color 09
@netstat -n
@echo.
@pause
- save as getip.cmd
- move it to the desktop (or anywhere that catches your fancy)
- double-click on it to see the current TCP connections made to your PC!
change the netstat -n (the -n displays the info as numerical data) to netstat -a which will show all connections and listening ports. Also, putting a number in between the netstat and the -a will update at that interval. For instance, netstat 1 -a will update the info every 1 second, netstat 5 -a will update every 5 seconds and so on... If you don't want to use the -a option, you can still use the update interval with the -n option (example: netstat 5 -n)
You can also use these switches
netstat -a (display all active TCp connections and their ports)
netstat -e (displays ethernet stats)
netstat -n (displays active TCP connections)
netstat -s (displays statistics by protocol)
netstat -p protocol (shows connections for the protocol specified eg tcp, udp, tcpv6 or udpv6)
netstat -r (displays contents of the IP routing table)
The color command is followed by 2 hexadecimals, i think the first is text color and the 2nd is background color (or vice versa)
Check who's IPs is connected to you
I stumbled across this on another board, and I found it so simple, yet helpful, I thought I'd share this with you.
All you have to do is:
- open notepad
- copy the following lines
@echo
@color 09
@netstat -n
@echo.
@pause
- save as getip.cmd
- move it to the desktop (or anywhere that catches your fancy)
- double-click on it to see the current TCP connections made to your PC!
change the netstat -n (the -n displays the info as numerical data) to netstat -a which will show all connections and listening ports. Also, putting a number in between the netstat and the -a will update at that interval. For instance, netstat 1 -a will update the info every 1 second, netstat 5 -a will update every 5 seconds and so on... If you don't want to use the -a option, you can still use the update interval with the -n option (example: netstat 5 -n)
You can also use these switches
netstat -a (display all active TCp connections and their ports)
netstat -e (displays ethernet stats)
netstat -n (displays active TCP connections)
netstat -s (displays statistics by protocol)
netstat -p protocol (shows connections for the protocol specified eg tcp, udp, tcpv6 or udpv6)
netstat -r (displays contents of the IP routing table)
The color command is followed by 2 hexadecimals, i think the first is text color and the 2nd is background color (or vice versa)
chat with out messenger
Chat with your friends without installing the yahoo messenger.
http://www22.meebo.com
http://www22.meebo.com
Boost ur speed
Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth !
Microsoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes
(suspect for updates and interrogating your machine etc..)
Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth !
Here's how to get it back:
Click Start-->Run-->type "gpedit.msc" without the "
This opens the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy-->Computer Configuration-->Administrative Templates-->Network-->QOS Packet Scheduler-->Limit Reservable Bandwidth
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab :
"By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.
Works on XP Pro and 2000.
Other OS not tested.
Microsoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes
(suspect for updates and interrogating your machine etc..)
Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth !
Here's how to get it back:
Click Start-->Run-->type "gpedit.msc" without the "
This opens the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy-->Computer Configuration-->Administrative Templates-->Network-->QOS Packet Scheduler-->Limit Reservable Bandwidth
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab :
"By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.
Works on XP Pro and 2000.
Other OS not tested.
Bios update
Hello,
this is not what i wrote , i just grabbed it from the net . no credit to me.
my advice : dont flash bios in Windows
and flash only if necessary . and i think asrock mobos dont support the foll. method of recovery .( some eeprom limitations ).
PLZ pass on comments.Was it useful ?
PROCEDURE FOR RECOVERING A CORRUPT BIOS CHIP
By David Oakley
Amptron International Inc.
(Revised May 24, 2001)
INTRODUCTION TO BOOTBLOCK BIOS
Most BIOS code used today is called ‘BOOT BLOCK’ BIOS. A BOOT BLOCK type BIOS is
different from previous BIOS types in that it is divided into two distinct sections. The first section
of the BIOS is the BOOT BLOCK (hence the name). The BOOT BLOCK uses the first 24k of the
ROM and contains information necessary to initialize only critical system devices such as the
processor, memory and some ISA video cards as well as the floppy drive. The BIOS BOOT
BLOCK is a write protected area and cannot be over written by a BIOS flash utility without using a
special command line switch.
The second section is the SYSTEM BLOCK. The SYSTEM BLOCK is 232k in size and contains
the information necessary to initialize all other system devices such as the video system, input
devices, storage devices, COM ports and peripherals and performs the Power On Self Test. The
SYSTEM BLOCK constitutes the bulk of the ROM.
The illustration above depicts a standard 2Mb (256k) BIOS chip. Older BIOS chips may be only
1Mb (128k). The 1Mb BIOS chips are not BOOT BLOCK BIOS and therefore cannot be
recovered in the same way. If you have a 1Mb BIOS chip and your BIOS is corrupt then you will
need to reprogram the chip using the ‘Hot-Swapping’ method, or an EEPROM programmer.
UPDATING (FLASHING) YOUR BIOS
The process of updating your BIOS is called flashing. Because the type of ROM chip used is a
Flash EEPROM. To update your BIOS you use a utility called a BIOS Flash utility. When you
flash your BIOS the flash utility performs the following steps.
· ?Enters Protected Mode by loading the DOS 4G Protected Mode drivers
· ?Identifies the flash part (the BIOS chip)
· ?Identifies the flash part size and programming voltage
· ?Identifies the motherboard chipset
· ?Verifies the BIOS checksums (make sure that the BIOS file is correct)
· ?Erases the BIOS SYSTEM BLOCK (write over the data with all 0’s)
· ?Rewrites the SYSTEM BLOCK with the new BIOS file
· ?Loads CMOS defaults and reboots the computer
UPDATING (FLASHING) YOUR BIOS (Cont.)
If an error occurs within the first five steps of the flash process then an error message will be
displayed and the flash process will be aborted. Unfortunately if an error occurs after the flash
utility has erased the SYSTEM BLOCK then the computer will be disabled. The system power
will come on, but the system will not startup as it normally does and you may or may not see
anything on the screen. If your system has an AWARD BIOS you may see an error message on
the screen that says.
AWARD BootBlock BIOS v1.0
CMOS Checksum Error
At this point the system will attempt to boot from a floppy disk. You will be able to boot from a
bootable floppy, but without the BIOS SYSTEM BLOCK you can’t do much else.
METHODS OF RECOVERING A CORRUPT BIOS CHIP
There are four options available if your BIOS has become corrupt:
1) Use the BootBlock function of the BIOS to reprogram the BIOS ROM.
2) Use a method called ‘Hot-Swapping’ to reprogram the BIOS ROM.
3) Remove the BIOS ROM and manually reprogram it on an EEPROM programmer.
4) Purchase a replacement BIOS from the motherboard manufacturer.
This paper was written to aid you in reprogramming your BIOS using either of the first two
methods. If you are not comfortable or able to recover your BIOS using either of these methods
then it would be best to purchase a replacement BIOS chip from the motherboard’s manufacturer.
DIFFERENT BIOS DISTRIBUTIONS
There are two primary BIOS distributions used today they are AWARD, written by AWARD
Software and AMI, which is written by American Megatrends International. The methods used to
recovery your BIOS is different for each BIOS distribution, so it is crucial that your know which
BIOS distribution you have.
To determine which BIOS distribution you have you can either read the sticker that has been
placed on top of your BIOS chip, consult the user’s manual, or contact the motherboard
manufacturer. I will elaborate on each of these methods below.
IDENTIFYING YOUR MOTHERBOARDS BIOS DISTRIBUTION
The quickest way to identify which BIOS distribution your motherboard uses when you cannot
boot the computer is to read the manufacturers sticker on the BIOS chip itself, however not all
manufacturers label their BIOS chips. To do this you must first locate the BIOS chip on the
motherboard.
Currently there are two popular BIOS chip package types in use; 32-pin DIP (Dual In-line
Package) and 28-pin PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). The most common is the 32-pin DIP
type so this is what you should look for first. The DIP package type chip is a rectangular black
IDENTIFYING YOUR MOTHERBOARDS BIOS DISTRIBUTION (Cont.)
silicon chip with a row 16-pins along each of the longer sides of the chip. The PLCC chips are
smaller square chips that are closely fitted into a plastic socket on the motherboard. The PLCC
type chips have a total of 28 pins, which are inline on all sides of the chip and one of the corner of
the chip is at a 45° angle.
The illustration below is a larger than normal diagram of what each chip looks like.
( This illustration is not to scale )
The motherboard manufacturer usually places a sticker on top of the BIOS chip, which specifies
the BIOS distribution. The sticker will either say AWARD! or AMI.
Another easy way to identify your BIOS is by checking the user’s manual. The manual does not
generally mention the type of BIOS you have, but in most cases it will include screen shots
(pictures) of the BIOS Setup Utility, which shows the BIOS name at the top. In your manual there
should be a section that discusses how to setup your BIOS. Read the BIOS setup section and
pay close attention to the illustrations. The following is an example of information taken from a
screen shot in a motherboard user’s manual.
AMIBIOS SIMPLE SETUP UTILITY – VERSION 1.20
©1998 American Megatrends, Inc. All Rights Reserved
This motherboard obviously uses AMI BIOS.
The third and final way to identify your BIOS is to call the motherboard manufacturer and ask.
This is often a pretty simple approach, but it is not uncommon for motherboards of the same
model to use different BIOS distributions.
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AMI BOOTBLOCK BIOS
With motherboards that use BOOT BLOCK BIOS it is possible to recover a corrupted BIOS by
reprogramming it from a floppy diskette as long as the BOOT BLOCK section of the BIOS
remains unmodified. When a system with an AMI BIOS has a corrupt BIOS the system will
appear to start, but nothing will appear on the screen, the floppy drive light will come on and the
system will access the floppy drive repeatedly.
AMI has integrated a recovery routine into the BOOT BLOCK of the BIOS, which in the event the
BIOS becomes corrupt can be used to restore it. The routine is called when the SYSTEM BLOCK
of the BIOS is empty. The restore routine will access the floppy drive searching for a BIOS ROM
file named AMIBOOT.ROM, (this is why the floppy drive light comes on and the drive spins.) If the
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AMI BOOTBLOCK BIOS (Cont.)
file is found it is then loaded into the SYSTEM BLOCK of the BIOS to replace the missing
information.
NOTE: Make sure that the PC speaker inside your computer is working before you proceed.
When the BIOS has been restored your system will beep four times to let you know.
To restore an AMI BootBlock BIOS follow these steps:
1) Format a good working 1.44MB floppy diskette.
2) Copy a working BIOS ROM file for your motherboard onto the floppy disk. BIOS ROM
files can usually be downloaded from the motherboard manufacturer’s web site. If you
cannot locate a BIOS ROM file for your motherboard then call the motherboard
manufacturer for technical support.
3) Rename the BIOS ROM file ‘AMIBOOT.ROM’
4) Turn the system on and insert the disk into drive A:
5) After about 3 ~ 4 minutes the system will beep four times. Remove the disk from the
drive. The computer will then restart.
At this point your BIOS should be restored and the system should startup normally. If your system
does not startup normally then try using a different BIOS ROM file for your motherboard and read
the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AWARD BOOTBLOCK BIOS
With AWARD BIOS the process is similar but still a bit different. To recover an AWARD BIOS you
will need to create a floppy diskette with a working BIOS file in .BIN format, an AWARD flash
utility and an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. AWARD BIOS will not automatically restore the BIOS
information to the SYSTEM BLOCK for this reason you will need to add the commands necessary
to flash the BIOS to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The system will run the AUTOEXE.BAT file at
startup, which will in turn flash the BIOS. This is fairly easy. Here are the steps you need to take.
1) Create a bootable floppy disk. If you use Windows 95, 98 or DOS, this can be done by
going to the DOS prompt and typing the command. (Be sure to insert a disk first)
FORMAT A: /S
The /S switch specifies that the system files should be copied to the diskette to make it
bootable. If you are using Windows ME, Windows NT or Windows 2000 then you can not
use the /S switch with the FORMAT command. If you are unable to create a bootable
diskette because of the operating system you are using then you may download a
bootable diskette image from the BootDisk.com web site at (http://www.bootdisk.com)
2) Copy a working BIOS ROM (.BIN) file for your motherboard and an AWARD flash utility
to the floppy disk. You can usually download these files from the motherboard
manufacturer. If you need help finding these files call the motherboard manufacturer for
technical support.
3) Use a text editor or the ‘edit’ command at the DOS prompt to create a text file named
‘AUTOEXEC.BAT’ and save it on the floppy disk. Make sure that the file name is
AUTOEXEC and that the extension is .BAT (nothing else). If you create this file from
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AWARD BOOTBLOCK BIOS (Cont.)
4) within Windows using a program such as NOTEPAD, you may need to change the file
extension from .TXT to .BAT
5) With the text editor add the following commands to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the
floppy disk and then save the changes.
@ECHO OFF
@AWDFLASH BIOSFILE.BIN /py
NOTE: The ‘/py’ switch will cause the flash utility to automatically reprogram the BIOS
without any user intervention. Be sure to change the ‘AWDFLASH’ to the name
of the flash utility that you are using and change the ‘BIOSFILE.BIN’ to the name
of the BIOS ROM file you are using.
If you are not sure what the command line switch to automatically flash your
BIOS is, type the name of the flash utility with the ‘/?’ switch after it at a DOS
prompt and a list of the available switches will be displayed.
6) Insert the diskette you created into the floppy drive A: on the system that you need to
restore the BIOS on. Turn on the system. The computer should startup, read the floppy
disk, run the commands in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and restore the BIOS.
At this point if everything went well then the BIOS should have been restored and the
computer should restart normally. If your system still did not restart normally then go to
the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
‘HOT-SWAPPING’ A BIOS CHIP
‘Hot-Swapping’ refers to removing a BIOS chip from the motherboard while the system power is
on and the system is in an idle state. Hot-Swapping a BIOS chip is VERY dangerous to both the
system and the person attempting to remove the chip. This method of BIOS recovery should only
be performed by experienced technician as a last option. Hot-Swapping will work on any type of
BIOS chip as long as both computers use the same type of chip.
WARNING: If done improperly this method of BIOS recovery could cause severe damage to the
motherboard and BIOS as well as severe injury to the person attempting to remove
the chip.
Hot-Swapping requires you to have two computers with the same BIOS distribution and type. The
way it works is, while the second (working computer) is on the BIOS chip is removed and the
BIOS chip from the first (non-working) board is inserted in its place. The BIOS flash utility is then
run on the second computer and the BIOS chip is updated with the BIOS file for the first
computer. In essence you are reprogramming the bad BIOS chip on a different motherboard and
then putting the chip back into the non-working motherboard. The procedure is below.
1) Start the second (working computer) and go to a DOS prompt. Make sure that no
programs are running in the background.
2) While the computer is on carefully remove the BIOS chip from the motherboard and set it
aside. Be sure to note the orientation of the chip so that you can later inset it back in to
the motherboard exactly as it was.
3) Insert the BIOS chip from the first (non-working) computer in to the BIOS socket on the
second (working computer’s) motherboard.
‘HOT-SWAPPING’ A BIOS CHIP (Cont.)
4) At the DOS prompt run the BIOS flash utility and update the BIOS chip with the correct
BIOS file for the first computer. If you get a warning message that the chipset and BIOS
does not match continue anyway. If the flash utility will not allow you to continue and it is
an AMI flash utility then re-run the flash utility using the ‘/X’ switch to enter the utilities
graphical interface and manually reprogram the BIOS from there.
5) Once the BIOS chip has been reprogrammed successfully carefully remove the BIOS
chip from the second computer and put it back into the first computer. Be sure to pay
close attention to the orientation of the chip so that you insert it correctly. Plugging in the
chip backwards will immediately damage both the chip and the motherboard.
6) Start the first computer. If all went well the first system should now be working again. If
not see the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS
PROBLEM: After following all of the directions the system will still not start normally. When the
system is powered on all it will do is try to access the floppy drive.
This would seem to indicate that the BIOS reprogramming was not successful or that
the BIOS ROM file was either damaged or not the correct one. Try the procedure
again using a different BIOS ROM file for your motherboard. Make sure that the BIOS
ROM file is for your exact motherboard model and revision.
PROBLEM: When the computer restarts the message ‘CMOS Checksum Bad’ and ‘Press F1 to
Enter Setup’ is displayed.
This is not necessarily a problem. This message is displayed when there are no
CMOS settings saved. This simply means that you need to set your system settings
(such as CPU speed, etc) Press whatever key you are prompted to and set the
CMOS settings accordingly.
PROBLEM: While trying to recover a AWARD BIOS the system starts to read from the floppy disk
and then stops and nothing else happens. When the system is rebooted it still has
the same problem.
This most likely indicates that there is something wrong with the boot disk. Double
check that the disk is bootable, contains the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the BIOS flash
utility and the BIOS ROM (.BIN) file. If all of the files are present and the disk is
bootable then double check the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Make sure that the name is
correct and that all of the commands are correct.
If you can see on the screen what the system is doing then try typing the commands
in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file manually to see if there is an error message that is
displayed. If everything checks out then try using a different BIOS ROM (.BIN) file. If
the problem persists use a different flash utility.
--------------------
this is not what i wrote , i just grabbed it from the net . no credit to me.
my advice : dont flash bios in Windows
and flash only if necessary . and i think asrock mobos dont support the foll. method of recovery .( some eeprom limitations ).
PLZ pass on comments.Was it useful ?
PROCEDURE FOR RECOVERING A CORRUPT BIOS CHIP
By David Oakley
Amptron International Inc.
(Revised May 24, 2001)
INTRODUCTION TO BOOTBLOCK BIOS
Most BIOS code used today is called ‘BOOT BLOCK’ BIOS. A BOOT BLOCK type BIOS is
different from previous BIOS types in that it is divided into two distinct sections. The first section
of the BIOS is the BOOT BLOCK (hence the name). The BOOT BLOCK uses the first 24k of the
ROM and contains information necessary to initialize only critical system devices such as the
processor, memory and some ISA video cards as well as the floppy drive. The BIOS BOOT
BLOCK is a write protected area and cannot be over written by a BIOS flash utility without using a
special command line switch.
The second section is the SYSTEM BLOCK. The SYSTEM BLOCK is 232k in size and contains
the information necessary to initialize all other system devices such as the video system, input
devices, storage devices, COM ports and peripherals and performs the Power On Self Test. The
SYSTEM BLOCK constitutes the bulk of the ROM.
The illustration above depicts a standard 2Mb (256k) BIOS chip. Older BIOS chips may be only
1Mb (128k). The 1Mb BIOS chips are not BOOT BLOCK BIOS and therefore cannot be
recovered in the same way. If you have a 1Mb BIOS chip and your BIOS is corrupt then you will
need to reprogram the chip using the ‘Hot-Swapping’ method, or an EEPROM programmer.
UPDATING (FLASHING) YOUR BIOS
The process of updating your BIOS is called flashing. Because the type of ROM chip used is a
Flash EEPROM. To update your BIOS you use a utility called a BIOS Flash utility. When you
flash your BIOS the flash utility performs the following steps.
· ?Enters Protected Mode by loading the DOS 4G Protected Mode drivers
· ?Identifies the flash part (the BIOS chip)
· ?Identifies the flash part size and programming voltage
· ?Identifies the motherboard chipset
· ?Verifies the BIOS checksums (make sure that the BIOS file is correct)
· ?Erases the BIOS SYSTEM BLOCK (write over the data with all 0’s)
· ?Rewrites the SYSTEM BLOCK with the new BIOS file
· ?Loads CMOS defaults and reboots the computer
UPDATING (FLASHING) YOUR BIOS (Cont.)
If an error occurs within the first five steps of the flash process then an error message will be
displayed and the flash process will be aborted. Unfortunately if an error occurs after the flash
utility has erased the SYSTEM BLOCK then the computer will be disabled. The system power
will come on, but the system will not startup as it normally does and you may or may not see
anything on the screen. If your system has an AWARD BIOS you may see an error message on
the screen that says.
AWARD BootBlock BIOS v1.0
CMOS Checksum Error
At this point the system will attempt to boot from a floppy disk. You will be able to boot from a
bootable floppy, but without the BIOS SYSTEM BLOCK you can’t do much else.
METHODS OF RECOVERING A CORRUPT BIOS CHIP
There are four options available if your BIOS has become corrupt:
1) Use the BootBlock function of the BIOS to reprogram the BIOS ROM.
2) Use a method called ‘Hot-Swapping’ to reprogram the BIOS ROM.
3) Remove the BIOS ROM and manually reprogram it on an EEPROM programmer.
4) Purchase a replacement BIOS from the motherboard manufacturer.
This paper was written to aid you in reprogramming your BIOS using either of the first two
methods. If you are not comfortable or able to recover your BIOS using either of these methods
then it would be best to purchase a replacement BIOS chip from the motherboard’s manufacturer.
DIFFERENT BIOS DISTRIBUTIONS
There are two primary BIOS distributions used today they are AWARD, written by AWARD
Software and AMI, which is written by American Megatrends International. The methods used to
recovery your BIOS is different for each BIOS distribution, so it is crucial that your know which
BIOS distribution you have.
To determine which BIOS distribution you have you can either read the sticker that has been
placed on top of your BIOS chip, consult the user’s manual, or contact the motherboard
manufacturer. I will elaborate on each of these methods below.
IDENTIFYING YOUR MOTHERBOARDS BIOS DISTRIBUTION
The quickest way to identify which BIOS distribution your motherboard uses when you cannot
boot the computer is to read the manufacturers sticker on the BIOS chip itself, however not all
manufacturers label their BIOS chips. To do this you must first locate the BIOS chip on the
motherboard.
Currently there are two popular BIOS chip package types in use; 32-pin DIP (Dual In-line
Package) and 28-pin PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). The most common is the 32-pin DIP
type so this is what you should look for first. The DIP package type chip is a rectangular black
IDENTIFYING YOUR MOTHERBOARDS BIOS DISTRIBUTION (Cont.)
silicon chip with a row 16-pins along each of the longer sides of the chip. The PLCC chips are
smaller square chips that are closely fitted into a plastic socket on the motherboard. The PLCC
type chips have a total of 28 pins, which are inline on all sides of the chip and one of the corner of
the chip is at a 45° angle.
The illustration below is a larger than normal diagram of what each chip looks like.
( This illustration is not to scale )
The motherboard manufacturer usually places a sticker on top of the BIOS chip, which specifies
the BIOS distribution. The sticker will either say AWARD! or AMI.
Another easy way to identify your BIOS is by checking the user’s manual. The manual does not
generally mention the type of BIOS you have, but in most cases it will include screen shots
(pictures) of the BIOS Setup Utility, which shows the BIOS name at the top. In your manual there
should be a section that discusses how to setup your BIOS. Read the BIOS setup section and
pay close attention to the illustrations. The following is an example of information taken from a
screen shot in a motherboard user’s manual.
AMIBIOS SIMPLE SETUP UTILITY – VERSION 1.20
©1998 American Megatrends, Inc. All Rights Reserved
This motherboard obviously uses AMI BIOS.
The third and final way to identify your BIOS is to call the motherboard manufacturer and ask.
This is often a pretty simple approach, but it is not uncommon for motherboards of the same
model to use different BIOS distributions.
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AMI BOOTBLOCK BIOS
With motherboards that use BOOT BLOCK BIOS it is possible to recover a corrupted BIOS by
reprogramming it from a floppy diskette as long as the BOOT BLOCK section of the BIOS
remains unmodified. When a system with an AMI BIOS has a corrupt BIOS the system will
appear to start, but nothing will appear on the screen, the floppy drive light will come on and the
system will access the floppy drive repeatedly.
AMI has integrated a recovery routine into the BOOT BLOCK of the BIOS, which in the event the
BIOS becomes corrupt can be used to restore it. The routine is called when the SYSTEM BLOCK
of the BIOS is empty. The restore routine will access the floppy drive searching for a BIOS ROM
file named AMIBOOT.ROM, (this is why the floppy drive light comes on and the drive spins.) If the
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AMI BOOTBLOCK BIOS (Cont.)
file is found it is then loaded into the SYSTEM BLOCK of the BIOS to replace the missing
information.
NOTE: Make sure that the PC speaker inside your computer is working before you proceed.
When the BIOS has been restored your system will beep four times to let you know.
To restore an AMI BootBlock BIOS follow these steps:
1) Format a good working 1.44MB floppy diskette.
2) Copy a working BIOS ROM file for your motherboard onto the floppy disk. BIOS ROM
files can usually be downloaded from the motherboard manufacturer’s web site. If you
cannot locate a BIOS ROM file for your motherboard then call the motherboard
manufacturer for technical support.
3) Rename the BIOS ROM file ‘AMIBOOT.ROM’
4) Turn the system on and insert the disk into drive A:
5) After about 3 ~ 4 minutes the system will beep four times. Remove the disk from the
drive. The computer will then restart.
At this point your BIOS should be restored and the system should startup normally. If your system
does not startup normally then try using a different BIOS ROM file for your motherboard and read
the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AWARD BOOTBLOCK BIOS
With AWARD BIOS the process is similar but still a bit different. To recover an AWARD BIOS you
will need to create a floppy diskette with a working BIOS file in .BIN format, an AWARD flash
utility and an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. AWARD BIOS will not automatically restore the BIOS
information to the SYSTEM BLOCK for this reason you will need to add the commands necessary
to flash the BIOS to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The system will run the AUTOEXE.BAT file at
startup, which will in turn flash the BIOS. This is fairly easy. Here are the steps you need to take.
1) Create a bootable floppy disk. If you use Windows 95, 98 or DOS, this can be done by
going to the DOS prompt and typing the command. (Be sure to insert a disk first)
FORMAT A: /S
The /S switch specifies that the system files should be copied to the diskette to make it
bootable. If you are using Windows ME, Windows NT or Windows 2000 then you can not
use the /S switch with the FORMAT command. If you are unable to create a bootable
diskette because of the operating system you are using then you may download a
bootable diskette image from the BootDisk.com web site at (http://www.bootdisk.com)
2) Copy a working BIOS ROM (.BIN) file for your motherboard and an AWARD flash utility
to the floppy disk. You can usually download these files from the motherboard
manufacturer. If you need help finding these files call the motherboard manufacturer for
technical support.
3) Use a text editor or the ‘edit’ command at the DOS prompt to create a text file named
‘AUTOEXEC.BAT’ and save it on the floppy disk. Make sure that the file name is
AUTOEXEC and that the extension is .BAT (nothing else). If you create this file from
RECOVERING A CORRUPT AWARD BOOTBLOCK BIOS (Cont.)
4) within Windows using a program such as NOTEPAD, you may need to change the file
extension from .TXT to .BAT
5) With the text editor add the following commands to the AUTOEXEC.BAT file on the
floppy disk and then save the changes.
@ECHO OFF
@AWDFLASH BIOSFILE.BIN /py
NOTE: The ‘/py’ switch will cause the flash utility to automatically reprogram the BIOS
without any user intervention. Be sure to change the ‘AWDFLASH’ to the name
of the flash utility that you are using and change the ‘BIOSFILE.BIN’ to the name
of the BIOS ROM file you are using.
If you are not sure what the command line switch to automatically flash your
BIOS is, type the name of the flash utility with the ‘/?’ switch after it at a DOS
prompt and a list of the available switches will be displayed.
6) Insert the diskette you created into the floppy drive A: on the system that you need to
restore the BIOS on. Turn on the system. The computer should startup, read the floppy
disk, run the commands in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and restore the BIOS.
At this point if everything went well then the BIOS should have been restored and the
computer should restart normally. If your system still did not restart normally then go to
the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
‘HOT-SWAPPING’ A BIOS CHIP
‘Hot-Swapping’ refers to removing a BIOS chip from the motherboard while the system power is
on and the system is in an idle state. Hot-Swapping a BIOS chip is VERY dangerous to both the
system and the person attempting to remove the chip. This method of BIOS recovery should only
be performed by experienced technician as a last option. Hot-Swapping will work on any type of
BIOS chip as long as both computers use the same type of chip.
WARNING: If done improperly this method of BIOS recovery could cause severe damage to the
motherboard and BIOS as well as severe injury to the person attempting to remove
the chip.
Hot-Swapping requires you to have two computers with the same BIOS distribution and type. The
way it works is, while the second (working computer) is on the BIOS chip is removed and the
BIOS chip from the first (non-working) board is inserted in its place. The BIOS flash utility is then
run on the second computer and the BIOS chip is updated with the BIOS file for the first
computer. In essence you are reprogramming the bad BIOS chip on a different motherboard and
then putting the chip back into the non-working motherboard. The procedure is below.
1) Start the second (working computer) and go to a DOS prompt. Make sure that no
programs are running in the background.
2) While the computer is on carefully remove the BIOS chip from the motherboard and set it
aside. Be sure to note the orientation of the chip so that you can later inset it back in to
the motherboard exactly as it was.
3) Insert the BIOS chip from the first (non-working) computer in to the BIOS socket on the
second (working computer’s) motherboard.
‘HOT-SWAPPING’ A BIOS CHIP (Cont.)
4) At the DOS prompt run the BIOS flash utility and update the BIOS chip with the correct
BIOS file for the first computer. If you get a warning message that the chipset and BIOS
does not match continue anyway. If the flash utility will not allow you to continue and it is
an AMI flash utility then re-run the flash utility using the ‘/X’ switch to enter the utilities
graphical interface and manually reprogram the BIOS from there.
5) Once the BIOS chip has been reprogrammed successfully carefully remove the BIOS
chip from the second computer and put it back into the first computer. Be sure to pay
close attention to the orientation of the chip so that you insert it correctly. Plugging in the
chip backwards will immediately damage both the chip and the motherboard.
6) Start the first computer. If all went well the first system should now be working again. If
not see the TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS section below.
TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEMS
PROBLEM: After following all of the directions the system will still not start normally. When the
system is powered on all it will do is try to access the floppy drive.
This would seem to indicate that the BIOS reprogramming was not successful or that
the BIOS ROM file was either damaged or not the correct one. Try the procedure
again using a different BIOS ROM file for your motherboard. Make sure that the BIOS
ROM file is for your exact motherboard model and revision.
PROBLEM: When the computer restarts the message ‘CMOS Checksum Bad’ and ‘Press F1 to
Enter Setup’ is displayed.
This is not necessarily a problem. This message is displayed when there are no
CMOS settings saved. This simply means that you need to set your system settings
(such as CPU speed, etc) Press whatever key you are prompted to and set the
CMOS settings accordingly.
PROBLEM: While trying to recover a AWARD BIOS the system starts to read from the floppy disk
and then stops and nothing else happens. When the system is rebooted it still has
the same problem.
This most likely indicates that there is something wrong with the boot disk. Double
check that the disk is bootable, contains the AUTOEXEC.BAT file, the BIOS flash
utility and the BIOS ROM (.BIN) file. If all of the files are present and the disk is
bootable then double check the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Make sure that the name is
correct and that all of the commands are correct.
If you can see on the screen what the system is doing then try typing the commands
in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file manually to see if there is an error message that is
displayed. If everything checks out then try using a different BIOS ROM (.BIN) file. If
the problem persists use a different flash utility.
--------------------
Advance google search
Searching Google for Music - Advanced Guide
*credit to my_haz for this superb guide on how to search Google.
This How-To will teach you how to use google to find mp3s. This How-To
will be highly pragmatic and will focus on the hows and not the
wherefores of the various search strings.
Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0) Key
1) Directories
2) Xitami Servers
3) Directory Listing
4) Andromeda Servers
5) Zina Artists
6) Apache mp3 Servers
7) Individual Songs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 0 - KEY
----------------------------------------------------------------------
You this are just some definitions I will use below.
[Directory String] can be any of the following :
1) "index of"
2) "last modified"
3) "parent of"
[file type] can be any of the following :
1) "mp3"
2) "shn"
3) "wma"
[mp3 name] can be any of the following :
1) the name of the album in quotes
2) the name of the artist in quotes
3) be daring and leave it blank and have lots of links
4) be creative!
[limitors]
1) -html -htm -php -asp -txt -pls
(inurl:) is optional and may be omitted and in fact most be
omitted if not using a search tool other than google.
(intitle:) can be used in place of (inurl:) and has a similar effect
again you must be useing google.
(-filetype:txt) adding this to the end of your search string can
filter some false positives.
(-playlist) adding this to the end of your search string can
filter some false positives.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1 - Directories
----------------------------------------------------------------------
These are the most common way that mp3s are stored on the www, you
should try these strings first.
String Format :
Type 1 : [Directory String] + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : [Directory String] + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : [Directory String] + [file type] + [mp3 name] + [limitors]
Example Strings :
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp -txt -pls
- "index of" + "mp3" + "radiohead" -html -htm -php
- "index of" + mp3 + "grandaddy"
- "index of" + inurl:mp3 + "beatles" -txt -pls
- "index of" + intitle:mp3 + beatles
- "last modified" + "shn" + "dylan"
- "last modified" + inurl:shn + "bob dylan"
- "parent of" + inurl:wma + "grandaddy"
Suggestions :
- Try (intitle:index.of + "mp3" + "band name" -htm -html -php -asp) first it
is usually the most effective.
Another Little Trick:
- If you have been getting alot of results on google but the pages don't seem
to be there try adding dates and the "apache" string to your search i.e.
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp apache feb-2005
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp apache 2005
or if you just want a big list of mp3' doing a search like this everymonth
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + -html -htm -php -asp apache mar
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2 - Xitami Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "xitami web server" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "xitami web server" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Example Strings :
- "xitami web server" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "xitami web server" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "xitami web server" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 3 - Directory Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "directory listings" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "directory listings" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : "directory listings of" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "directory listings of" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Example Strings
- "directory listings" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "directory listings" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "directory listings" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
- "directory listings of" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "directory listings of" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "directory listings of" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 4 - Andromeda Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "scott matthews" + andromeda + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "scott matthews" + andromeda + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : "powered by andromeda" + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "powered by andromeda" + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 5 : inurl:andromeda.php + [mp3 name]
Type 6 : inurl:anromeda.php + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 7 : "scott matthews"
Type 8 : "powered by andromeda"
Type 9 : inurl:andromeda.php
Examples :
- "scott matthews" + andromeda + "radiohead"
- "scott matthews" + andromeda + "mp3" + "fitter"
- "powered by andromeda" + "gradaddy"
- "powered by andromeda" + "mp3" + "just like women"
- inurl:andromeda.php + "shn"
- inurl:anromeda.php + "wma" + "dylan"
- "scott matthews"
- "powered by andromeda"
- inurl:andromeda.php
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 5 - Zina Artists
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "zina artists"
Examples :
- "zina artists"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 6 - Apache mp3 Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "stream all" + apache + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "stream all" + apache
Type 3 : "shuffle all" + apache + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "shuffle all" + apache
Examples :
- "stream all" + apache
- "stream all" "shuffle all" mp3
- "stream all" + apache + radiohead
- "shuffle all" + beatles
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 7 - Individual Songs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Format : [mp3 name].mp3 -playlist -filetype:txt
Examples :
- "ok_computer_live.mp3" -playlist -filetype:txt
- "*ok_computer*.mp3" -playlist -filetype:txt
- kid*a.mp3 -playlist -filetype:txt
##########################################
2nd Method:
Here is a second example of maximizing search results on Google:
1. At Google Search, type in one of the following two phrases (try the first one; if you're not happy with the results, try the second one on your second search):
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics
* "index of/" mp3 -playlist -html -lyrics
2. If you'd like, add an artist's name or song name to the end of the phrase, then click the Search Button.
3. Here are a few examples:
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics beatles
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics punk
This tip helps you find directories filled with mp3 files by finding Apache's Index page:
1. At Google Search type in the following code:
2. +("index of") +("/mp3"|"/mp3s"|"/music") +(mp3|zip|rar) +apache
3. By editing this code, you can search for any type of media; oog, wav, pdf, etc.
4. Be sure to edit both the directory names as well as the file extensions if edited.
Finding mp3 and compressed files searching by title:
1. At Google Search type in the following code:
2. allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) TheTitle
3. Replace TheTitle with either a song title, artist name, or album.
4. Here are a few examples:
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) beatles
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) revolver
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) greatest hits
--------------------
& to find cell phone programs:
just type the following line in your google search box and see experience a new world of finding games
for games
"parent directory" nokia games -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for tones
"parent directory " nokia polyphonic -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for symbian games
"parent directory " symbian games -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for Wallpapers
"parent directory " nokia wallpapers -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for general Midi
"parent directory " midi -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
also try using "Index of" instead of "parent directory"
--------------------
and other tips:
You've probably seen some sites that allow you to Google their site for a certain term. This is accomplished via the "site" advanced operator. The following syntax is used for the site operator:
site:site_to_search
For example, if we wanted to search www.projectfearless.com
for the term "Nielsosky", we would use the following:
Nielsosky site:projectfearless.com
or
example:
site:blabla.com
----------------------------------------------------------
The "inurl" advanced operator is used to search for a term within
URL's. For example, searching for "inurl:binaryuniverse" searched
for all sites that have the term "binaryuniverse" in their URL.
The "intitle" is used to search for a term in the title. Thus,
"intitle:binaryuniverse" finds all pages with "binaryuniverse"
in their title.
------------------------------------------------------------
Google keeps caches of pages. When the Google spider indexes a page,
it stores a copy of it. Thus, the cache is a copy of what the page was
like at an earlier date. To view the cache for a page, you can simply
search for the page, and then click the "cache" link underneath.
However, there is a quicker way, that involves only typing in
search terms, and not clicking. Simply type "cache:pageurl.com"
to view the cache of a page (in this case pageurl.com).
------------------------------------------------------------
Google also allows you to search for pages of a certain filetype,
using the syntax "filetype:TYPE". Replace 'TYPE' with the file type
you want to search for. So, if you wanted to search for tutorials
on SQL that are in PDF format, you would search for the following:
SQL Tutorial filetype:PDF
--------------------------------------------------------------
Not only is Google the world's best search engine, it also happens
to be a mighty fine dictionary. To use it as a dictionary, just type
"define:TERM", and replace TERM with the word you wish to look up.
For example, if you want to look up "roflmao", type "define:roflmao",
without the quotes. This will give you several different resources
for definitions or roflmao. Fyi, roflmao means "rolling on the floor laughing my ass off".
----------------------------------------------------------------
And now, it's time for some fun -- Google whacking. Actually, after
a couple minutes, I have found Google whacking to become extremely
boring, not to mention frustrating. A google whack is a two-word query
that returns one result. You may not use quotes, and both words in
the query must be real words. And yes, it is very hard.
For more info, I suggest you check out http://googlewhacking.com
At this point, the basics of Google have been covered, and you should
be a moderately good Googler.
--------------------
how to search for STUFF at google
method 1
put this string in google search:
"parent directory " /appz/ -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " DVDRip -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory "Xvid -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " Gamez -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " MP3 -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " Name of Singer or album -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
Notice that i am only changing the word after the parent directory, change it to what you want and you will get a lot of stuff.
method 2
put this string in google search:
?intitle:index.of? mp3
You only need add the name of the song/artist/singer.
Example: ?intitle:index.of? mp3 jackson
method 3
put this string in google search:
inurl:microsoft filetype:???
method 4
put this string in google search:
intitle:index.of.???
method 5
put this string in google search:
"name of object"download
"name of object download"
free "name of object"download
free "name of object download"
Or just look for the filename(s).
and instead of using the inurl: tag, use site: that works too.
For Rapidshare:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.zip+OR+.r...&start=510&sa=N
or movies:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.wmv+OR+.a...l&start=10&sa=N
or music:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.MP3+OR+.W...l&start=10&sa=N
Just play with the extensions.
---------------------------------------------
E-Books
inurl:ebook.DDU | inurl:ebook.EEN | inurl:ebook.JGT | inurl:ebook.LiB | inurl:ebook.EAT
There's a few ways to differentiate from that to change the outcome in your favor as well. For example, you can take away the "inurl:" to get many hits on things like forum posts or BitTorrent links. (Helpful if you're looking for something rare.)
You can also add the file type you like (such as PDF, CHM, LIT, etc) to get a specialized search. Finally, don't forget to put () or else Google may get confused. When defining a OR statement, Google expects the () to surround it. For example, you could search for:
- (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT )
or
- PDF (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT )
or get fancy with
- (PDF | CHM | LIT | ZIP | RAR | ISO) (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT)
You can also use "Parent Directory"+ in front of it but don't limit the search to Google, try several engines.
A nice site for Rabbits & webbits:
http://www.searchlores.org/rabbits.htm
added 6/6/05
Music Filetypes:
MP3
WMV
WAV
AIF
AIFF
Movie Filetypes:
MPG
MPEG
AVI
WMV
RM
MOV
Picture Filetypes:
JPG
JPEG
GIF
TIFF
TIF
PNG
BMP
Compressed Filetypes (Used to search for programs):
ZIP
RAR
ISO
BIN
EXE <- Be extremely careful when searching for EXE files, make sure you run a complete virus scan on any of the compressed filetypes.
Document Filetypes:
DOC
RTF
TXT
PDF
SWX
These are just a few of the things that you can search for using Google. It is an extremely powerful tool that can be used to find just about anything you could ever want on the internet. While I am not condoning pirating and filesharing, I feel that the sharing of information is absolutely essential to the survival of the internet. After all, the internet was founded on the idea of sharing information, Google just allows us to index all of that information into an easily searched archive.
*credit to my_haz for this superb guide on how to search Google.
This How-To will teach you how to use google to find mp3s. This How-To
will be highly pragmatic and will focus on the hows and not the
wherefores of the various search strings.
Index
----------------------------------------------------------------------
0) Key
1) Directories
2) Xitami Servers
3) Directory Listing
4) Andromeda Servers
5) Zina Artists
6) Apache mp3 Servers
7) Individual Songs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 0 - KEY
----------------------------------------------------------------------
You this are just some definitions I will use below.
[Directory String] can be any of the following :
1) "index of"
2) "last modified"
3) "parent of"
[file type] can be any of the following :
1) "mp3"
2) "shn"
3) "wma"
[mp3 name] can be any of the following :
1) the name of the album in quotes
2) the name of the artist in quotes
3) be daring and leave it blank and have lots of links
4) be creative!
[limitors]
1) -html -htm -php -asp -txt -pls
(inurl:) is optional and may be omitted and in fact most be
omitted if not using a search tool other than google.
(intitle:) can be used in place of (inurl:) and has a similar effect
again you must be useing google.
(-filetype:txt) adding this to the end of your search string can
filter some false positives.
(-playlist) adding this to the end of your search string can
filter some false positives.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 1 - Directories
----------------------------------------------------------------------
These are the most common way that mp3s are stored on the www, you
should try these strings first.
String Format :
Type 1 : [Directory String] + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : [Directory String] + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : [Directory String] + [file type] + [mp3 name] + [limitors]
Example Strings :
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp -txt -pls
- "index of" + "mp3" + "radiohead" -html -htm -php
- "index of" + mp3 + "grandaddy"
- "index of" + inurl:mp3 + "beatles" -txt -pls
- "index of" + intitle:mp3 + beatles
- "last modified" + "shn" + "dylan"
- "last modified" + inurl:shn + "bob dylan"
- "parent of" + inurl:wma + "grandaddy"
Suggestions :
- Try (intitle:index.of + "mp3" + "band name" -htm -html -php -asp) first it
is usually the most effective.
Another Little Trick:
- If you have been getting alot of results on google but the pages don't seem
to be there try adding dates and the "apache" string to your search i.e.
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp apache feb-2005
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + "grandaddy" -html -htm -php -asp apache 2005
or if you just want a big list of mp3' doing a search like this everymonth
- intitle:index.of + mp3 + -html -htm -php -asp apache mar
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 2 - Xitami Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "xitami web server" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "xitami web server" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Example Strings :
- "xitami web server" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "xitami web server" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "xitami web server" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 3 - Directory Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "directory listings" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "directory listings" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : "directory listings of" + (inurl:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "directory listings of" + (intitle:)[file type] + [mp3 name]
Example Strings
- "directory listings" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "directory listings" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "directory listings" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
- "directory listings of" + "mp3" + "radiohead"
- "directory listings of" + intitle:shn + "beatles"
- "directory listings of" + inurl:mp3 + "magnetic fields"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 4 - Andromeda Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "scott matthews" + andromeda + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "scott matthews" + andromeda + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 3 : "powered by andromeda" + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "powered by andromeda" + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 5 : inurl:andromeda.php + [mp3 name]
Type 6 : inurl:anromeda.php + [file type] + [mp3 name]
Type 7 : "scott matthews"
Type 8 : "powered by andromeda"
Type 9 : inurl:andromeda.php
Examples :
- "scott matthews" + andromeda + "radiohead"
- "scott matthews" + andromeda + "mp3" + "fitter"
- "powered by andromeda" + "gradaddy"
- "powered by andromeda" + "mp3" + "just like women"
- inurl:andromeda.php + "shn"
- inurl:anromeda.php + "wma" + "dylan"
- "scott matthews"
- "powered by andromeda"
- inurl:andromeda.php
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 5 - Zina Artists
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "zina artists"
Examples :
- "zina artists"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 6 - Apache mp3 Servers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
String Format :
Type 1 : "stream all" + apache + [mp3 name]
Type 2 : "stream all" + apache
Type 3 : "shuffle all" + apache + [mp3 name]
Type 4 : "shuffle all" + apache
Examples :
- "stream all" + apache
- "stream all" "shuffle all" mp3
- "stream all" + apache + radiohead
- "shuffle all" + beatles
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Section 7 - Individual Songs
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Format : [mp3 name].mp3 -playlist -filetype:txt
Examples :
- "ok_computer_live.mp3" -playlist -filetype:txt
- "*ok_computer*.mp3" -playlist -filetype:txt
- kid*a.mp3 -playlist -filetype:txt
##########################################
2nd Method:
Here is a second example of maximizing search results on Google:
1. At Google Search, type in one of the following two phrases (try the first one; if you're not happy with the results, try the second one on your second search):
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics
* "index of/" mp3 -playlist -html -lyrics
2. If you'd like, add an artist's name or song name to the end of the phrase, then click the Search Button.
3. Here are a few examples:
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics beatles
* "index of/mp3" -playlist -html -lyrics punk
This tip helps you find directories filled with mp3 files by finding Apache's Index page:
1. At Google Search type in the following code:
2. +("index of") +("/mp3"|"/mp3s"|"/music") +(mp3|zip|rar) +apache
3. By editing this code, you can search for any type of media; oog, wav, pdf, etc.
4. Be sure to edit both the directory names as well as the file extensions if edited.
Finding mp3 and compressed files searching by title:
1. At Google Search type in the following code:
2. allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) TheTitle
3. Replace TheTitle with either a song title, artist name, or album.
4. Here are a few examples:
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) beatles
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) revolver
* allinurl: +(mp3|rar|zip|tgz) greatest hits
--------------------
& to find cell phone programs:
just type the following line in your google search box and see experience a new world of finding games
for games
"parent directory" nokia games -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for tones
"parent directory " nokia polyphonic -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for symbian games
"parent directory " symbian games -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for Wallpapers
"parent directory " nokia wallpapers -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
for general Midi
"parent directory " midi -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
also try using "Index of" instead of "parent directory"
--------------------
and other tips:
You've probably seen some sites that allow you to Google their site for a certain term. This is accomplished via the "site" advanced operator. The following syntax is used for the site operator:
site:site_to_search
For example, if we wanted to search www.projectfearless.com
for the term "Nielsosky", we would use the following:
Nielsosky site:projectfearless.com
or
example:
site:blabla.com
----------------------------------------------------------
The "inurl" advanced operator is used to search for a term within
URL's. For example, searching for "inurl:binaryuniverse" searched
for all sites that have the term "binaryuniverse" in their URL.
The "intitle" is used to search for a term in the title. Thus,
"intitle:binaryuniverse" finds all pages with "binaryuniverse"
in their title.
------------------------------------------------------------
Google keeps caches of pages. When the Google spider indexes a page,
it stores a copy of it. Thus, the cache is a copy of what the page was
like at an earlier date. To view the cache for a page, you can simply
search for the page, and then click the "cache" link underneath.
However, there is a quicker way, that involves only typing in
search terms, and not clicking. Simply type "cache:pageurl.com"
to view the cache of a page (in this case pageurl.com).
------------------------------------------------------------
Google also allows you to search for pages of a certain filetype,
using the syntax "filetype:TYPE". Replace 'TYPE' with the file type
you want to search for. So, if you wanted to search for tutorials
on SQL that are in PDF format, you would search for the following:
SQL Tutorial filetype:PDF
--------------------------------------------------------------
Not only is Google the world's best search engine, it also happens
to be a mighty fine dictionary. To use it as a dictionary, just type
"define:TERM", and replace TERM with the word you wish to look up.
For example, if you want to look up "roflmao", type "define:roflmao",
without the quotes. This will give you several different resources
for definitions or roflmao. Fyi, roflmao means "rolling on the floor laughing my ass off".
----------------------------------------------------------------
And now, it's time for some fun -- Google whacking. Actually, after
a couple minutes, I have found Google whacking to become extremely
boring, not to mention frustrating. A google whack is a two-word query
that returns one result. You may not use quotes, and both words in
the query must be real words. And yes, it is very hard.
For more info, I suggest you check out http://googlewhacking.com
At this point, the basics of Google have been covered, and you should
be a moderately good Googler.
--------------------
how to search for STUFF at google
method 1
put this string in google search:
"parent directory " /appz/ -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " DVDRip -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory "Xvid -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " Gamez -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " MP3 -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
"parent directory " Name of Singer or album -xxx -html -htm -php -shtml -opendivx -md5 -md5sums
Notice that i am only changing the word after the parent directory, change it to what you want and you will get a lot of stuff.
method 2
put this string in google search:
?intitle:index.of? mp3
You only need add the name of the song/artist/singer.
Example: ?intitle:index.of? mp3 jackson
method 3
put this string in google search:
inurl:microsoft filetype:???
method 4
put this string in google search:
intitle:index.of.???
method 5
put this string in google search:
"name of object"download
"name of object download"
free "name of object"download
free "name of object download"
Or just look for the filename(s).
and instead of using the inurl: tag, use site: that works too.
For Rapidshare:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.zip+OR+.r...&start=510&sa=N
or movies:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.wmv+OR+.a...l&start=10&sa=N
or music:
http://www.google.com/search?q=+.MP3+OR+.W...l&start=10&sa=N
Just play with the extensions.
---------------------------------------------
E-Books
inurl:ebook.DDU | inurl:ebook.EEN | inurl:ebook.JGT | inurl:ebook.LiB | inurl:ebook.EAT
There's a few ways to differentiate from that to change the outcome in your favor as well. For example, you can take away the "inurl:" to get many hits on things like forum posts or BitTorrent links. (Helpful if you're looking for something rare.)
You can also add the file type you like (such as PDF, CHM, LIT, etc) to get a specialized search. Finally, don't forget to put () or else Google may get confused. When defining a OR statement, Google expects the () to surround it. For example, you could search for:
- (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT )
or
- PDF (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT )
or get fancy with
- (PDF | CHM | LIT | ZIP | RAR | ISO) (ebook.DDU | ebook.EEN | ebook.JGT | ebook.LiB | ebook.EAT)
You can also use "Parent Directory"+ in front of it but don't limit the search to Google, try several engines.
A nice site for Rabbits & webbits:
http://www.searchlores.org/rabbits.htm
added 6/6/05
Music Filetypes:
MP3
WMV
WAV
AIF
AIFF
Movie Filetypes:
MPG
MPEG
AVI
WMV
RM
MOV
Picture Filetypes:
JPG
JPEG
GIF
TIFF
TIF
PNG
BMP
Compressed Filetypes (Used to search for programs):
ZIP
RAR
ISO
BIN
EXE <- Be extremely careful when searching for EXE files, make sure you run a complete virus scan on any of the compressed filetypes.
Document Filetypes:
DOC
RTF
TXT
SWX
These are just a few of the things that you can search for using Google. It is an extremely powerful tool that can be used to find just about anything you could ever want on the internet. While I am not condoning pirating and filesharing, I feel that the sharing of information is absolutely essential to the survival of the internet. After all, the internet was founded on the idea of sharing information, Google just allows us to index all of that information into an easily searched archive.
Add or remove optional windows
Add/Remove optional features of Windows XP
I first mentioned this technique in an old Technology Showcase for Windows 2000, but it still works in Windows XP, and can be quite useful: For some reason, Microsoft has removed the ability to specify which Windows components you want to install during interactive Setup, and when you go into Add/Remove Windows Components in the Control Panel, you still don't have the full list of applications and applets you can add and remove. Thankfully, this is easy to fix.
To dramatically expand the list of applications you can remove from Windows XP after installation, navigate to C:\WINDOWS\inf (substituting the correct drive letter for your version of Windows) and open the sysoc.inf file. Under Windows XP Professional Edition RC1, this file will resemble the following by default:
[Version] Signature = "$Windows NT$"
DriverVer=06/26/2001,5.1.2505.0
[Components]
NtComponents=ntoc.dll,NtOcSetupProc,,4
WBEM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wbemoc.inf,hide,7
Display=desk.cpl,DisplayOcSetupProc,,7
Fax=fxsocm.dll,FaxOcmSetupProc,fxsocm.inf,,7
NetOC=netoc.dll,NetOcSetupProc,netoc.inf,,7
iis=iis.dll,OcEntry,iis.inf,,7
com=comsetup.dll,OcEntry,comnt5.inf,hide,7
dtc=msdtcstp.dll,OcEntry,dtcnt5.inf,hide,7
IndexSrv_System = setupqry.dll,IndexSrv,setupqry.inf,,7
TerminalServer=TsOc.dll, HydraOc, TsOc.inf,hide,2
msmq=msmqocm.dll,MsmqOcm,msmqocm.inf,,6
ims=imsinsnt.dll,OcEntry,ims.inf,,7
fp_extensions=fp40ext.dll,FrontPage4Extensions,fp4 0ext.inf,,7
AutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,au.inf,hide,7
msmsgs=msgrocm.dll,OcEntry,msmsgs.inf,hide,7
msnexplr=ocmsn.dll,OcEntry,msnmsn.inf,,7
smarttgs=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,msnsl.inf,,7
RootAutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,rootau.inf,,7
Games=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,games.inf,,7
AccessUtil=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,accessor.inf,,7
CommApps=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,communic.inf,HIDE,7
MultiM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,multimed.inf,HIDE,7
AccessOpt=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,optional.inf,HIDE,7
Pinball=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,pinball.inf,HIDE,7
MSWordPad=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wordpad.inf,HIDE,7
ZoneGames=zoneoc.dll,ZoneSetupProc,igames.inf,,7
[Global]
WindowTitle=%WindowTitle%
WindowTitle.StandAlone="*"
The entries that include the text hide or HIDE will not show up in Add/Remove Windows Components by default. To fix this, do a global search and replace for , hide and change each instance of this to , (a comma). Then, save the file, relaunch Add/Remove Windows Components, and tweak the installed applications to your heart's content.
I first mentioned this technique in an old Technology Showcase for Windows 2000, but it still works in Windows XP, and can be quite useful: For some reason, Microsoft has removed the ability to specify which Windows components you want to install during interactive Setup, and when you go into Add/Remove Windows Components in the Control Panel, you still don't have the full list of applications and applets you can add and remove. Thankfully, this is easy to fix.
To dramatically expand the list of applications you can remove from Windows XP after installation, navigate to C:\WINDOWS\inf (substituting the correct drive letter for your version of Windows) and open the sysoc.inf file. Under Windows XP Professional Edition RC1, this file will resemble the following by default:
[Version] Signature = "$Windows NT$"
DriverVer=06/26/2001,5.1.2505.0
[Components]
NtComponents=ntoc.dll,NtOcSetupProc,,4
WBEM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wbemoc.inf,hide,7
Display=desk.cpl,DisplayOcSetupProc,,7
Fax=fxsocm.dll,FaxOcmSetupProc,fxsocm.inf,,7
NetOC=netoc.dll,NetOcSetupProc,netoc.inf,,7
iis=iis.dll,OcEntry,iis.inf,,7
com=comsetup.dll,OcEntry,comnt5.inf,hide,7
dtc=msdtcstp.dll,OcEntry,dtcnt5.inf,hide,7
IndexSrv_System = setupqry.dll,IndexSrv,setupqry.inf,,7
TerminalServer=TsOc.dll, HydraOc, TsOc.inf,hide,2
msmq=msmqocm.dll,MsmqOcm,msmqocm.inf,,6
ims=imsinsnt.dll,OcEntry,ims.inf,,7
fp_extensions=fp40ext.dll,FrontPage4Extensions,fp4 0ext.inf,,7
AutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,au.inf,hide,7
msmsgs=msgrocm.dll,OcEntry,msmsgs.inf,hide,7
msnexplr=ocmsn.dll,OcEntry,msnmsn.inf,,7
smarttgs=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,msnsl.inf,,7
RootAutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,rootau.inf,,7
Games=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,games.inf,,7
AccessUtil=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,accessor.inf,,7
CommApps=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,communic.inf,HIDE,7
MultiM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,multimed.inf,HIDE,7
AccessOpt=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,optional.inf,HIDE,7
Pinball=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,pinball.inf,HIDE,7
MSWordPad=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wordpad.inf,HIDE,7
ZoneGames=zoneoc.dll,ZoneSetupProc,igames.inf,,7
[Global]
WindowTitle=%WindowTitle%
WindowTitle.StandAlone="*"
The entries that include the text hide or HIDE will not show up in Add/Remove Windows Components by default. To fix this, do a global search and replace for , hide and change each instance of this to , (a comma). Then, save the file, relaunch Add/Remove Windows Components, and tweak the installed applications to your heart's content.
Add a forum to ur site
When you’re setting up a site using CSS, it’s a good idea to do a little planning ahead and think how you’ll be using your styles, otherwise you could end up spending much more time later.
As a case in point – for a site I’ve recently built, a basic style sheet was put together, with entries for matters like headlines, section headings, item headings and so on. When it came to forms on the site that needed headings next to the data entry boxes, the logical choice was the item headings style. It helped maintain a consistent look across the site, but it came back to bite me later. The reason? After some feedback from the beta testers, a left margin was added, so that text didn’t butt up against the left-side of a browser window. You might think that is fairly straightforward. And it would be, but for the fact that simply adding a margin to all the CSS styles would do the same wherever a style was used, making the headings on some of the forms look a little odd.
So, the solution was to duplicate the appropriate style – before adding the margin to it – and call the new duplicate something useful like ‘formItemHeading’. Then, amend the original item heading style to add the margin and, finally, go through the entire site changing headings in forms to the new style. It’s tedious work and something that could have been avoided had I done the thing that I’m always urging other people to do – plan, plan and plan. Even if you first imagine that two types of element on your page – in my case item headings, and form box headings – will look the same, remember that they are separate items and, though it might feel tedious at the time, create a separate CSS style for each type of item. It will save you a lot of time if you need Building a community Add a forum to your site and planning ahead with CSS to make changes to the style sheet later . You’ll just need to alter the style sheet – which is best saved as a separate file, rather than included in each document, for large sites – instead of having to manually edit every page and reassign styles later. It’s far better to end up with a few extra styles in your style sheet than to have too few. The amount of data in a style sheet is trivial, so it’s really not going to make any difference to the download time of your site.
Attracting visitors One of the things that most web designers would like is for their site to be visited by lots of people. You can promote it – but not by using junk mail – and mention it elsewhere on the Internet, put it in your email signature and arrange reciprocal links with similar sites. But none of that is much use unless there’s a compelling reason for people to keep coming back. So, how do you tackle that sort of thing? It was one of the issues facing the site on which I had my style sheet tribulations. It’s a site that’s intended to be a resource for users of a digital video recorder, which can be enhanced via software downloads.
But a site that simply lists things you can download isn’t terribly exciting, so we needed something to try and draw people back. The obvious answer to that is forums.
Discussion forums can help provide a community and draw people back to your site to see the answers to questions they’ve posed. Obviously, they’re not relevant to every site, but for the site in question, it seemed a logical idea. And one that immediately raises the question – how do I add a forum? There are several packages that you can use to provide forums. In some cases, the type of forum that you can install will depend on your web host. Two of the most popular and well known are phpBB and YaBB. The former is actually a component of the PHP Nuke (www.phpnuke.org) open source portal system, though you can install it separately, if you don’t want all the other portal functions.
As you can guess from the name, you need PHP on your web server to run phpBB. You’ll also need the MySQL database, which is used as the back-end of the system – don’t worry if you don’t have the two on the main part of your site. If you have a site like www.nigelwhitfield.com, it won’t look odd if you use a separate site like forum.nigelwhitfield.com to host your discussions, but obviously you’ll also need to be able to manage the DNS entries to set that up. YaBB is written in Perl, which is also a very popular scripting language and available on many web servers. Rather than use a database, it stores its information in text files, so all you need is the ability to run Perl scripts on your web host, rather than PHP scripting, MySQL and full access to a database. On the downside, the file structure might store up problems for the future if you’re running a very busy site.
In the end, though, we went with YaBB (www.yabbforum.com), which is very easy to set up. It’s a simple matter of downloading a zip file, unpacking it and then uploading the files to your web server. You need to edit the Settings.pl file to tell the scripts where your files are stored, both in terms of the URL and of the directory on the server, and then make sure the script is set so that it can be executed. Then log in to the web page with the default admin user name and password, and fill in a few simple web forms to set up your forums. It really is extremely easy to do. If you want to tweak the design a little, for instance, to match the colour scheme of your website, it’s easy – just click on the Admin link, and you can alter the template file, with its CSS definitions from within your browser. That really is just about all it took – certainly less than half an hour. Even if you’re not familiar with Perl, it’s not exactly difficult to edit the settings file and get up and running. If you want a forum on your site, it’s well worth taking a look at. A forum isn’t necessarily the only thing that you’ll need.
On the site I was setting up, we decided that it would be a good idea to have a function that allowed users to build up a personal page with information and quick links to the things they want to download. It’s a handy tool that might help bring people back – especially since you can then email people when a new version of a product in their list appears, providing you seek their consent. And to help tie it in with the forums, and give an incentive to register, the functions restricted only to those who have signed up for the forums. That might sound complicated, but it’s a lot simpler to do than you might imagine. All you do is check for the cookie that’s set when a user logs in to the forums, and only allow the personalisation scripts to run when that’s set. In the case of YaBB, the default cookie is called YaBBusername, though you can change it if you like. You can check for the presence of the cookie with some PHP code like this, which, if before the HTML section of a document, will redirect to the forum home page if the cookie is not there.
{ header(‘Location: d www.mysite.com/cgi-d bin/yabb/YaBB.cgi’) ; exit ; }
(Key: d code string continues)
You may want to redirect to a different page, explaining why people need to sign into the forums. Linking functions of the site like this can help to encourage people to sign up, since there’s a tangible benefit to doing so. But don’t do it just for the sake of it – think of how people might want to use your site and work around that. Pointlessly restricting functions or sections of your site is likely to turn people away, rather than encourage them. Reader queries David Boswell asks: ‘is it possible to reduce the size of an Excel spreadsheet saved as a web page, other than by printing out, scanning and reducing it as an object? Printing out in Excel does not reproduce the macro buttons and I also need the very best definition I can get. Using the zoom factor on the spreadsheet before saving it as a web page does not seem to work.’ The answer is, sort of. When you save a web page as Excel, either on a Mac or PC, what’s created – unless you use embedded objects inWindows – is simply an HTML table, with formulas changed to the results they use. (Actually, strictly speaking, the formulas are still there, in XML, so the spreadsheet could be recreated from the HTML file). At the top of the file, you’ll find an embedded stylesheet. You can edit that – you could set up a global search and replace if you do this often – to alter the options, including font sizes, so that you end up with the desired effect. If you have the last twoWeb Development columns, you can now marvel at the forethought of including a crash course on CSS in them. Alternatively, depending on the browser you’re using, you have a few different options. In Internet Explorer, the View/Text Size menu options won’t work because there are sizes specified in the document. But if you choose Accessibility from the Internet Options, you can override text sizes and styles in the document, which will then allow the menu options to increase or decrease text size to work. You could even create your own style sheet to apply, though that would only be worth the effort if you used an almost identical spreadsheet template a lot. If you’re using Opera, you can zoom in and out of a page, regardless of the style sheet that’s been applied, so you can easily fit more of a spreadsheet into theWindows. And you can also click the drop-down view mode menu at the right to switch to User mode, which will use your own default styles, instead of the ones specified in the file.
As a case in point – for a site I’ve recently built, a basic style sheet was put together, with entries for matters like headlines, section headings, item headings and so on. When it came to forms on the site that needed headings next to the data entry boxes, the logical choice was the item headings style. It helped maintain a consistent look across the site, but it came back to bite me later. The reason? After some feedback from the beta testers, a left margin was added, so that text didn’t butt up against the left-side of a browser window. You might think that is fairly straightforward. And it would be, but for the fact that simply adding a margin to all the CSS styles would do the same wherever a style was used, making the headings on some of the forms look a little odd.
So, the solution was to duplicate the appropriate style – before adding the margin to it – and call the new duplicate something useful like ‘formItemHeading’. Then, amend the original item heading style to add the margin and, finally, go through the entire site changing headings in forms to the new style. It’s tedious work and something that could have been avoided had I done the thing that I’m always urging other people to do – plan, plan and plan. Even if you first imagine that two types of element on your page – in my case item headings, and form box headings – will look the same, remember that they are separate items and, though it might feel tedious at the time, create a separate CSS style for each type of item. It will save you a lot of time if you need Building a community Add a forum to your site and planning ahead with CSS to make changes to the style sheet later . You’ll just need to alter the style sheet – which is best saved as a separate file, rather than included in each document, for large sites – instead of having to manually edit every page and reassign styles later. It’s far better to end up with a few extra styles in your style sheet than to have too few. The amount of data in a style sheet is trivial, so it’s really not going to make any difference to the download time of your site.
Attracting visitors One of the things that most web designers would like is for their site to be visited by lots of people. You can promote it – but not by using junk mail – and mention it elsewhere on the Internet, put it in your email signature and arrange reciprocal links with similar sites. But none of that is much use unless there’s a compelling reason for people to keep coming back. So, how do you tackle that sort of thing? It was one of the issues facing the site on which I had my style sheet tribulations. It’s a site that’s intended to be a resource for users of a digital video recorder, which can be enhanced via software downloads.
But a site that simply lists things you can download isn’t terribly exciting, so we needed something to try and draw people back. The obvious answer to that is forums.
Discussion forums can help provide a community and draw people back to your site to see the answers to questions they’ve posed. Obviously, they’re not relevant to every site, but for the site in question, it seemed a logical idea. And one that immediately raises the question – how do I add a forum? There are several packages that you can use to provide forums. In some cases, the type of forum that you can install will depend on your web host. Two of the most popular and well known are phpBB and YaBB. The former is actually a component of the PHP Nuke (www.phpnuke.org) open source portal system, though you can install it separately, if you don’t want all the other portal functions.
As you can guess from the name, you need PHP on your web server to run phpBB. You’ll also need the MySQL database, which is used as the back-end of the system – don’t worry if you don’t have the two on the main part of your site. If you have a site like www.nigelwhitfield.com, it won’t look odd if you use a separate site like forum.nigelwhitfield.com to host your discussions, but obviously you’ll also need to be able to manage the DNS entries to set that up. YaBB is written in Perl, which is also a very popular scripting language and available on many web servers. Rather than use a database, it stores its information in text files, so all you need is the ability to run Perl scripts on your web host, rather than PHP scripting, MySQL and full access to a database. On the downside, the file structure might store up problems for the future if you’re running a very busy site.
In the end, though, we went with YaBB (www.yabbforum.com), which is very easy to set up. It’s a simple matter of downloading a zip file, unpacking it and then uploading the files to your web server. You need to edit the Settings.pl file to tell the scripts where your files are stored, both in terms of the URL and of the directory on the server, and then make sure the script is set so that it can be executed. Then log in to the web page with the default admin user name and password, and fill in a few simple web forms to set up your forums. It really is extremely easy to do. If you want to tweak the design a little, for instance, to match the colour scheme of your website, it’s easy – just click on the Admin link, and you can alter the template file, with its CSS definitions from within your browser. That really is just about all it took – certainly less than half an hour. Even if you’re not familiar with Perl, it’s not exactly difficult to edit the settings file and get up and running. If you want a forum on your site, it’s well worth taking a look at. A forum isn’t necessarily the only thing that you’ll need.
On the site I was setting up, we decided that it would be a good idea to have a function that allowed users to build up a personal page with information and quick links to the things they want to download. It’s a handy tool that might help bring people back – especially since you can then email people when a new version of a product in their list appears, providing you seek their consent. And to help tie it in with the forums, and give an incentive to register, the functions restricted only to those who have signed up for the forums. That might sound complicated, but it’s a lot simpler to do than you might imagine. All you do is check for the cookie that’s set when a user logs in to the forums, and only allow the personalisation scripts to run when that’s set. In the case of YaBB, the default cookie is called YaBBusername, though you can change it if you like. You can check for the presence of the cookie with some PHP code like this, which, if before the HTML section of a document, will redirect to the forum home page if the cookie is not there.
{ header(‘Location: d www.mysite.com/cgi-d bin/yabb/YaBB.cgi’) ; exit ; }
(Key: d code string continues)
You may want to redirect to a different page, explaining why people need to sign into the forums. Linking functions of the site like this can help to encourage people to sign up, since there’s a tangible benefit to doing so. But don’t do it just for the sake of it – think of how people might want to use your site and work around that. Pointlessly restricting functions or sections of your site is likely to turn people away, rather than encourage them. Reader queries David Boswell asks: ‘is it possible to reduce the size of an Excel spreadsheet saved as a web page, other than by printing out, scanning and reducing it as an object? Printing out in Excel does not reproduce the macro buttons and I also need the very best definition I can get. Using the zoom factor on the spreadsheet before saving it as a web page does not seem to work.’ The answer is, sort of. When you save a web page as Excel, either on a Mac or PC, what’s created – unless you use embedded objects inWindows – is simply an HTML table, with formulas changed to the results they use. (Actually, strictly speaking, the formulas are still there, in XML, so the spreadsheet could be recreated from the HTML file). At the top of the file, you’ll find an embedded stylesheet. You can edit that – you could set up a global search and replace if you do this often – to alter the options, including font sizes, so that you end up with the desired effect. If you have the last twoWeb Development columns, you can now marvel at the forethought of including a crash course on CSS in them. Alternatively, depending on the browser you’re using, you have a few different options. In Internet Explorer, the View/Text Size menu options won’t work because there are sizes specified in the document. But if you choose Accessibility from the Internet Options, you can override text sizes and styles in the document, which will then allow the menu options to increase or decrease text size to work. You could even create your own style sheet to apply, though that would only be worth the effort if you used an almost identical spreadsheet template a lot. If you’re using Opera, you can zoom in and out of a page, regardless of the style sheet that’s been applied, so you can easily fit more of a spreadsheet into theWindows. And you can also click the drop-down view mode menu at the right to switch to User mode, which will use your own default styles, instead of the ones specified in the file.
221 §#ortcuts for ms word
71
Ctrl+Shift+F
Font
Activates the Fonts listbox on the formatting toolbar
72
Ctrl+Shift+P
FontSizeSelect
Activates the Font Size drop-down on the formatting toolbar
73
Alt + Ctrl + K
FormatAutoFormat
Automatically formats a document (or sometimes, automatically screws it up)
74
Alt O, B
FormatBordersAndShading
Changes the borders and shading of the selected paragraphs, table cells, and pictures
75
Alt O, E
FormatChangeCase
Changes the case of the letters in the selection
76
Alt O, C
FormatColumns
Changes the column format of the selected sections (brings up the dialog)
77
Alt O, D
FormatDropCap
Formats the first character of current paragraph as a dropped capital (must select it first)
78
Ctrl+D
FormatFont
Brings up the Format + Font dialog
79
Alt + Shift + R
FormatHeaderFooterLink
Links the current header/footer to the previous section (but does not intercept the button on the Header Footer toolbar)
80
Alt O, P
FormatParagraph
Brings up the Format Paragraph dialog
81
Alt O, S
FormatStyle
Applies, creates, or modifies styles
82
Alt O, T
FormatTabs
Brings up the Format Tabs dialog
83
Shift + F5
GoBack
Returns to the previous insertion point (goes back to up to 3 points, then returns to where you started; this is one of the most useful shortcuts of them all. Also useful when opening a document, if you want to g straight to where you were last editing it)
84
Ctrl + >
GrowFont
Increases the font size of the selection
85
Ctrl + ]
GrowFontOnePoint
Increases the font size of the selection by one point
86
Ctrl + T (or drag the ruler)
HangingIndent
Increases the hanging indent
87
F1
Help
Microsoft Word Help
88
Shift + F1
HelpTool
Lets you get help on a command or screen region or examine text properties
89
Ctrl + Shift + H
Hidden
Makes the selection hidden text (toggle)
90
Click on it
HyperlinkOpen
Connect to a hyperlink's address
91
Ctrl + M (or drag the ruler)
Indent
Moves the left indent to the next tab stop
92
Alt + Ctrl + M (or Alt I, M)
InsertAnnotation
Inserts a comment
93
F3
InsertAutoText
Replaces the name of the AutoText entry with its contents
94
Alt I, B
InsertBreak
Ends a page, column, or section at the insertion point
95
Alt I, C
InsertCaption
Inserts a caption above or below a selected object
96
Ctrl + Shift + Return
InsertColumnBreak
Inserts a column break at the insertion point
97
Alt + Shift + D
InsertDateField
Inserts a date field
98
Alt + Ctrl + D
InsertEndnoteNow
Inserts an endnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
99
Alt I, F
InsertField
Inserts a field in the active document
100
Ctrl+F9
InsertFieldChars
Inserts an empty field with the enclosing field characters
101
Alt I, L
InsertFile
Inserts the text of another file into the active document
102
Alt I, N
InsertFootnote
Inserts a footnote or endnote reference at the insertion point
103
Alt + Ctrl + F
InsertFootnoteNow
Inserts a footnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
104
Ctrl + K
InsertHyperlink
Insert Hyperlink
105
Alt I, D
InsertIndexAndTables
Inserts an index or a table of contents, figures, or authorities into the document
106
Alt + Ctrl + L
InsertListNumField
Inserts a ListNum Field
107
Alt + Shift + F
InsertMergeField
Brings up a dialog to insert a mail merge field at the insertion point. (It does not intercept the button on the Mail merge. toolbar)
108
Ctrl + Return
InsertPageBreak
Inserts a page break at the insertion point
109
Alt + Shift + P
InsertPageField
Inserts a page number field
110
Ctrl + Shift + F3
InsertSpike
Empties the spike AutoText entry and inserts all of its contents into the document
111
Alt + Shift + T
InsertTimeField
Inserts a time field
112
Ctrl + I
Italic
Makes the selection italic (toggle)
113
Ctrl + J
JustifyPara
Aligns the paragraph at both the left and the right indent
114
Ctrl + L
LeftPara
Aligns the paragraph at the left indent
115
Down arrow
LineDown
Moves the insertion point down one line
116
Shift + down arrow
LineDownExtend
Extends the selection down one line
1
Ctrl + Shift + A
AllCaps
Makes the selection all capitals (toggle)
2
Alt + Ctrl + 1
ApplyHeading1
Applies Heading 1 style to the selected text
3
Alt + Ctrl + 2
ApplyHeading2
Applies Heading 2 style to the selected text
4
Alt + Ctrl + 3
ApplyHeading3
Applies Heading 3 style to the selected text
5
Ctrl + Shift + L
ApplyListBullet
Applies List Bullet style to the selected text
6
Alt + F10
AppMaximize
Enlarges the application window to full size
7
Alt + F5
AppRestore
Restores the application window to normal size
8
Ctrl+B
Bold
Makes the selection bold (toggle)
9
Ctrl + PgDn
BrowseNext
Jump to the next browse object
10
Ctrl + PgUp
BrowsePrev
Jump to the previous browse object
11
Alt + Ctrl + Home
BrowseSel
Select the next/prev browse object
12
Esc
Cancel
Terminates an action
13
Ctrl+E
CenterPara
Centers the paragraph between the indents
14
Shift+F3
ChangeCase
Changes the case of the letters in the selection
15
Left arrow
CharLeft
Moves the insertion point to the left one character
16
Shift + Left arrow
CharLeftExtend
Extends the selection to the left one character
17
Rt arrow
CharRight
Moves the insertion point to the right one character
18
Shift + Rt arrow
CharRightExtend
Extends the selection to the right one character
19
Alt + Shift + C
ClosePane
Closes the active window pane (if you are in Normal View and have, for example, the Footnote pane open)
20
Alt+Drag (or press Ctrl + Shift + F8 and drag, but Alt + Drag is far easier!)
ColumnSelect
Selects a columnar block of text
21
Ctrl +Shift+C
CopyFormat
Copies the formatting of the selection
22
Shift + F2
CopyText
Makes a copy of the selection without using the clipboard (press Return to paste)
23
Alt + F3
CreateAutoText
Adds an AutoText entry to the active template
24
Ctrl+ Backspace
DeleteBackWord
Deletes the previous word without putting it on the Clipboard
25
Ctrl + Del
DeleteWord
Deletes the next word without putting it on the Clipboard
26
Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4
DocClose
Prompts to save the document and then closes the active window. (But doesn't intercept the menu command)
27
Ctrl + F10
DocMaximize
Enlarges the active window to full size
28
Ctrl + F7
DocMove
Changes the position of the active window
29
Ctrl + F5
DocRestore
Restores the window to normal size
30
Ctrl + F8
DocSize
Changes the size of the active window
31
Alt + Ctrl + S
DocSplit
Splits the active window horizontally and then adjusts the split
32
Alt + Shift + F9
DoFieldClick
Executes the action associated with macrobutton fields
33
Ctrl + Shift + D
DoubleUnderline
Double underlines the selection (toggle)
34
Alt R, G
DrawGroup
Groups the selected drawing objects
35
Alt R, I
DrawSnapToGrid
Sets up a grid for aligning drawing objects
36
Alt R, U
DrawUngroup
Ungroups the selected group of drawing objects
37
Ctrl+Shift+F5 (Or: Alt I, K)
EditBookmark
Brings up the bookmark dialog
38
Del
EditClear
Performs a forward delete or removes the selection without putting it on the Clipboard
39
Ctrl+C
EditCopy
Copies the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
40
Ctrl+X
EditCut
Cuts the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
41
Ctrl+F
EditFind
Finds the specified text or the specified formatting
42
F5, Ctrl+G
EditGoTo
Jumps to a specified place in the active document
43
Alt E, K
EditLinks
Allows links to be viewed, updated, opened, or removed
44
Ctrl+V
EditPaste
Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
45
Alt E, S
EditPasteSpecial
Inserts the Clipboard contents as a linked object, embedded object, or other format
46
Alt + Shift + Backspc
EditRedo
Redoes the last action that was undone
47
F4
EditRedoOrRepeat
Repeats the last command, or redoes the last action that was undone (unfortunately, doesn't work for as many commands in Word 2000 as in Word 97 and below, but this is still one of Word's most useful shortcuts, if not the most useful)
48
Ctrl+H
EditReplace
Finds the specified text or the specified formatting and replaces it
49
Ctrl+A
EditSelectAll
Selects the entire document
50
Ctrl+Z
EditUndo
Reverses the last action
51
Alt + PageDn (to select to end of column, use Alt + Shift + PgDn)
EndOfColumn
Moves to the last cell in the current table column
52
Ctrl+Shift+End
EndOfDocExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the last line of the document
53
Ctrl+End
EndOfDocument
Moves the insertion point to the end of the last line of the document
54
End
EndOfLine
Moves the insertion point to the end of the current line
55
Shift+End
EndOfLineExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the current line
56
Alt+End
EndOfRow
Moves to the last cell in the current row
57
Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
EndOfWindow
Moves the insertion point to the end of the last visible line on the screen
58
Shift + Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
EndOfWindowExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the last visible line on the screen
59
F8 (press Esc to turn off)
ExtendSelection
Turns on extend selection mode and then expands the selection with the direction keys
60
Alt + F4 (<9>)
FileCloseOrExit
Closes the current document, or if no documents are open, quits Word. Horrible command, as it makes it a long winded business to quit Word. But there's a simple solution - assign Alt+F4 to FileExit instead.
61
Alt + F4 (Word 97)
FileExit
Quits Microsoft Word and prompts to save the documents (does intercept the menu item, but not the keyboard shortcut, or the x button. An AutoExit macro is usually a better way of intercepting this).
62
NOT Ctrl+N!!
FileNew
Creates a new document or template (brings up the dialog). Note that: Word pretends that Ctrl+N is assigned to FileNew but it isn't, it's assigned to FileNewDefault You can fix this in Word 2000 by assigning Ctrl+N to the FileNewDialog command. In Word 97 the only way to fix it is to create a macro called FileNew (to do this, press Alt + F8, type "FileNew" without the quotes and Click "Create". The macro will automatically contain the code needed to make it work).
63
Ctrl+N
FileNewDefault
Creates a new document based on the Normal template.
64
Ctrl+O
FileOpen
Opens an existing document or template
65
Alt F, U
FilePageSetup
Changes the page setup of the selected sections
66
Ctrl + P
FilePrint
Prints the active document (brings up the dialog)
67
Ctrl+F2
FilePrintPreview
Displays full pages as they will be printed
68
Alt F, I
FileProperties
Shows the properties of the active document
69
Ctrl+S
FileSave
FileSave
70
Alt F, A (or F12)
FileSaveAs
Saves a copy of the document in a separate file (brings up the dialog)
117
Up arrow
LineUp
Moves the insertion point up one line
118
Shift + up arrow
LineUpExtend
Extends the selection up one line
119
Ctrl + F11
LockFields
Locks the selected fields to prevent updating
120
Alt + Shift + K
MailMergeCheck
Checks for errors in a mail merge
121
Alt+Shift+E
MailMergeEditDataSource
Lets you edit a mail merge data source
122
Alt + Shift + N
MailMergeToDoc
Collects the results of the mail merge in a document
123
Alt Shift + M
MailMergeToPrinter
Sends the results of the mail merge to the printer
124
Alt + Shift + I
MarkCitation
Marks the text you want to include in the table of authorities
125
Alt + Shift + X
MarkIndexEntry
Marks the text you want to include in the index
126
Alt + Shift + O
MarkTableOfContentsEntry
Inserts a TC field (but it is far better to use Heading Styles to generate your Table of Contents instead)
127
Alt or F10
MenuMode
Makes the menu bar active
128
Alt + Shift + F11
MicrosoftScriptEditor
Starts or switches to Microsoft Development Environment application, allowing you to view the HTML/XML source code that would be behind the document if it were in .htm format (or that is behind it if it already is in .htm format).
129
Alt + Ctrl + F1
MicrosoftSystemInfo
Execute the Microsoft System Info application
130
F2
MoveText
Moves the selection to a specified location without using the clipboard (press Return to execute the more)
131
Tab
NextCell
Moves to the next table cell
132
F11
NextField
Moves to the next field
133
Alt + F7
NextMisspelling
Find next spelling error
134
Alt + down arrow
NextObject
Moves to the next object on the page
135
Ctrl + F6
NextWindow
Switches to the next document window, equivalent to selecting a document from the Window menu.
136
Ctrl+Shift+N
NormalStyle
Applies the Normal style
137
Ctrl + 0
OpenOrCloseUpPara
Sets or removes extra spacing above the selected paragraph
138
F6
OtherPane
Switches to another window pane in Normal View (for instance, if you have if you have a Footnotes pane open in Normal view and want to switch to the main document and back without closing the pane).
139
Alt + _
OutlineCollapse
Collapses an Outline in Outline View by one level
140
Alt+Shift+rt arrow
OutlineDemote
Demotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
141
Alt + +
OutlineExpand
Expands an Outline in Outline View by one level
142
Alt+Shift+down arrow
OutlineMoveDown
Moves the selection below the next item in the outline
143
Alt+Shift+up arrow
OutlineMoveUp
Moves the selection above the previous item in the outline
144
Alt+Shift+left arrow
OutlinePromote
Promotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
145
Alt + Shift + L
OutlineShowFirstLine
Toggles between showing the first line of each paragraph only or showing all of the body text in the outline
146
Ins
Overtype
Toggles the typing mode between replacing and inserting
147
PgDn
PageDown
Moves the insertion point and document display to the next screen of text
148
Shift+ PgDn
PageDownExtend
Extends the selection and changes the document display to the next screen of text
149
PgUp
PageUp
Moves the insertion point and document display to the previous screen of text
150
Shift + PgUp
PageUpExtend
Extends the selection and changes the document display to the previous screen of text
151
Ctrl + down arrow
ParaDown
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
152
Shift + Ctrl + down arrow
ParaDownExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the next paragraph
153
Ctrl + up arrow
ParaUp
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
154
Shift + Ctrl + up arrow
ParaUpExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the previous paragraph
155
Ctrl+Shift+V
PasteFormat
Applies the previously copied formatting to selection
156
Shift + Tab
PrevCell
Moves to the previous table cell
157
Shift + F11
PrevField
Moves to the previous field
158
Alt + up arrow
PrevObject
Moves to the previous object on the page
159
Ctrl + Shift + F6
PrevWindow
Switches back to the previous document window
160
Sfift+F4
RepeatFind
Repeats Go To or Find to find the next occurrence
161
Ctrl+Spacebar
ResetChar
Makes the selection the default character format of the applied style
162
Ctrl+Q
ResetPara
Makes the selection the default paragraph format of the applied style
163
Ctrl +R
RightPara
Aligns the paragraph at the right indent
164
Ctrl + *
ShowAll
Shows/hides all nonprinting characters
165
Alt + Shift + A
ShowAllHeadings
Displays all of the heading levels and the body text in Outline View
166
Ctrl + <
ShrinkFont
Decreases the font size of the selection
167
Ctrl + [
ShrinkFontOnePoint
Decreases the font size of the selection by one point
168
Ctrl + Shift + K
SmallCaps
Makes the selection small capitals (toggle)
169
Ctrl + 1
SpacePara1
Sets the line spacing to single space
170
Ctrl + 5
SpacePara15
Sets the line spacing to one-and-one-half space
171
Ctrl + 2
SpacePara2
Sets the line spacing to double space
172
Ctrl + F3
Spike
Deletes the selection and adds it to the "Spike" AutoText entry (which allows you to move text and graphics from nonadjacent locations)
173
Alt + PgUp
StartOfColumn
Moves to the first cell in the current column
174
Ctrl+Shift+Home
StartOfDocExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the first line of the document
175
Ctrl +Home
StartOfDocument
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first line of the document
176
Home
StartOfLine
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current line
177
Shift+Home
StartOfLineExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the current line
178
Alt+Home
StartOfRow
Moves to the first cell in the current row
179
Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
StartOfWindow
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
180
Shift+ Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
StartOfWindowExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
181
Strl + Shift + S
Style
Activates the Style drop-down on the Formatting toolbar
182
Ctrl + =
Subscript
Makes the selection subscript (toggle)
183
Ctrl + +
Superscript
Makes the selection superscript (toggle)
184
Ctrl + Shift + Q
SymbolFont
Applies the Symbol font to the selection
185
Alt A, F
TableAutoFormat
Applies a set of formatting to a table
186
Alt A, H
TableHeadings
Toggles table headings attribute on and off
187
Alt + click
(Alt + drag to select several)
TableSelectColumn
Selects the current column in a table
188
Click in left margin
TableSelectRow
Selects the current row in a table
189
Alt + double-click
TableSelectTable
Selects an entire table
190
Alt + Ctrl + U
TableUpdateAutoFormat
Updates the table formatting to match the applied Table Autoformat settings
191
Shift + F9 (Alt + F9 toggles all field codes on or off)
ToggleFieldDisplay
Shows the field codes or the results for the selection (toggle)
192
Alt T, C
ToolsCustomize
Allows you to customizes the Word user interface (menus, keyboard and toolbars) and store the customizations in a template (defaults to Normal.dot, so be careful!)
193
Alt + F8
ToolsMacro
Runs, creates, deletes, or revises a macro
194
F7
ToolsProofing
Checks the spelling and grammar in the active document
195
Ctr.l + Shift + E
ToolsRevisionMarksToggle
Toggles track changes for the active document
196
Shift + F7
ToolsThesaurus
Finds a synonym for the selected word
197
Ctrl+U
Underline
Formats the selection with a continuous underline (toggle)
198
Ctrl + Shift + T
(or drag the ruler)
UnHang
Decreases the hanging indent
199
Ctrl + Shift + M
(or drag the ruler)
UnIndent
Moves the left indent to the previous tab stop
200
Ctrl+Shift+F9
UnlinkFields
Permanently replaces the field codes with the results
201
Ctrl + Shift + F11
UnlockFields
Unlocks the selected fields for updating
202
F9
UpdateFields
Updates and displays the results of the selected fields
203
Ctrl + Shiift + F7
UpdateSource
Copies the modified text of a linked file back to its source file
204
Hover over comment
ViewAnnotations
Show or hide the comment pane
205
Dbl-click the endnote reference
ViewEndnoteArea
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the endnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the endnote or vice versa
206
At + F9
ViewFieldCodes
Shows the field codes or results for all fields (toggle)
207
Dbl-click the footnote reference
ViewFootnoteArea
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the footnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnote or vice versa.
208
Alt V, F
ViewFootnotes
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing footnotes and endnotes (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnotes/endnotes or vice versa.
209
Alt V, H
ViewHeader
Displays header in page layout view
210
Alt V, N
(or Alt + Ctrl + N)
ViewNormal
Changes the editing view to normal view
211
Alt V, O
(or Alt + Ctrl + O)
ViewOutline
Displays a document's outline
212
Alt V, P
(or Alt + Ctrl + P)
ViewPage
Displays the page more-or-less as it will be printed, and allows editing (In Word 2000 the menu item is called Print Layout, but fortunately the command hasn't changed.
213
Alt + F11
ViewVBCode
Shows the VB editing environment (Tools + Macro + Visual Basic Editor)
214
Alt + left arrow
WebGoBack
Backward hyperlink (useful if you clicked on a page number hyperlink in the table of contents and then want to return to the TOC)
215
Alt + rt arrow
WebGoForward
Forward hyperlink
216
Alt W, A
WindowArrangeAll
Arranges windows as non-overlapping tiles
217
Ctrl + left arrow
WordLeft
Moves the insertion point to the left one word
218
Shift + Ctrl + left arrow
WordLeftExtend
Extends the selection to the left one word
219
Ctrl + rt arrow
WordRight
Moves the insertion point to the right one word
220
Shift + Ctrl + rt arrow
WordRightExtend
Extends the selection to the right one word
221
Ctrl + Shift + W
WordUnderline
Underlines the words but not the spaces in the selection (toggle)
Ctrl+Shift+F
Font
Activates the Fonts listbox on the formatting toolbar
72
Ctrl+Shift+P
FontSizeSelect
Activates the Font Size drop-down on the formatting toolbar
73
Alt + Ctrl + K
FormatAutoFormat
Automatically formats a document (or sometimes, automatically screws it up)
74
Alt O, B
FormatBordersAndShading
Changes the borders and shading of the selected paragraphs, table cells, and pictures
75
Alt O, E
FormatChangeCase
Changes the case of the letters in the selection
76
Alt O, C
FormatColumns
Changes the column format of the selected sections (brings up the dialog)
77
Alt O, D
FormatDropCap
Formats the first character of current paragraph as a dropped capital (must select it first)
78
Ctrl+D
FormatFont
Brings up the Format + Font dialog
79
Alt + Shift + R
FormatHeaderFooterLink
Links the current header/footer to the previous section (but does not intercept the button on the Header Footer toolbar)
80
Alt O, P
FormatParagraph
Brings up the Format Paragraph dialog
81
Alt O, S
FormatStyle
Applies, creates, or modifies styles
82
Alt O, T
FormatTabs
Brings up the Format Tabs dialog
83
Shift + F5
GoBack
Returns to the previous insertion point (goes back to up to 3 points, then returns to where you started; this is one of the most useful shortcuts of them all. Also useful when opening a document, if you want to g straight to where you were last editing it)
84
Ctrl + >
GrowFont
Increases the font size of the selection
85
Ctrl + ]
GrowFontOnePoint
Increases the font size of the selection by one point
86
Ctrl + T (or drag the ruler)
HangingIndent
Increases the hanging indent
87
F1
Help
Microsoft Word Help
88
Shift + F1
HelpTool
Lets you get help on a command or screen region or examine text properties
89
Ctrl + Shift + H
Hidden
Makes the selection hidden text (toggle)
90
Click on it
HyperlinkOpen
Connect to a hyperlink's address
91
Ctrl + M (or drag the ruler)
Indent
Moves the left indent to the next tab stop
92
Alt + Ctrl + M (or Alt I, M)
InsertAnnotation
Inserts a comment
93
F3
InsertAutoText
Replaces the name of the AutoText entry with its contents
94
Alt I, B
InsertBreak
Ends a page, column, or section at the insertion point
95
Alt I, C
InsertCaption
Inserts a caption above or below a selected object
96
Ctrl + Shift + Return
InsertColumnBreak
Inserts a column break at the insertion point
97
Alt + Shift + D
InsertDateField
Inserts a date field
98
Alt + Ctrl + D
InsertEndnoteNow
Inserts an endnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
99
Alt I, F
InsertField
Inserts a field in the active document
100
Ctrl+F9
InsertFieldChars
Inserts an empty field with the enclosing field characters
101
Alt I, L
InsertFile
Inserts the text of another file into the active document
102
Alt I, N
InsertFootnote
Inserts a footnote or endnote reference at the insertion point
103
Alt + Ctrl + F
InsertFootnoteNow
Inserts a footnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog
104
Ctrl + K
InsertHyperlink
Insert Hyperlink
105
Alt I, D
InsertIndexAndTables
Inserts an index or a table of contents, figures, or authorities into the document
106
Alt + Ctrl + L
InsertListNumField
Inserts a ListNum Field
107
Alt + Shift + F
InsertMergeField
Brings up a dialog to insert a mail merge field at the insertion point. (It does not intercept the button on the Mail merge. toolbar)
108
Ctrl + Return
InsertPageBreak
Inserts a page break at the insertion point
109
Alt + Shift + P
InsertPageField
Inserts a page number field
110
Ctrl + Shift + F3
InsertSpike
Empties the spike AutoText entry and inserts all of its contents into the document
111
Alt + Shift + T
InsertTimeField
Inserts a time field
112
Ctrl + I
Italic
Makes the selection italic (toggle)
113
Ctrl + J
JustifyPara
Aligns the paragraph at both the left and the right indent
114
Ctrl + L
LeftPara
Aligns the paragraph at the left indent
115
Down arrow
LineDown
Moves the insertion point down one line
116
Shift + down arrow
LineDownExtend
Extends the selection down one line
1
Ctrl + Shift + A
AllCaps
Makes the selection all capitals (toggle)
2
Alt + Ctrl + 1
ApplyHeading1
Applies Heading 1 style to the selected text
3
Alt + Ctrl + 2
ApplyHeading2
Applies Heading 2 style to the selected text
4
Alt + Ctrl + 3
ApplyHeading3
Applies Heading 3 style to the selected text
5
Ctrl + Shift + L
ApplyListBullet
Applies List Bullet style to the selected text
6
Alt + F10
AppMaximize
Enlarges the application window to full size
7
Alt + F5
AppRestore
Restores the application window to normal size
8
Ctrl+B
Bold
Makes the selection bold (toggle)
9
Ctrl + PgDn
BrowseNext
Jump to the next browse object
10
Ctrl + PgUp
BrowsePrev
Jump to the previous browse object
11
Alt + Ctrl + Home
BrowseSel
Select the next/prev browse object
12
Esc
Cancel
Terminates an action
13
Ctrl+E
CenterPara
Centers the paragraph between the indents
14
Shift+F3
ChangeCase
Changes the case of the letters in the selection
15
Left arrow
CharLeft
Moves the insertion point to the left one character
16
Shift + Left arrow
CharLeftExtend
Extends the selection to the left one character
17
Rt arrow
CharRight
Moves the insertion point to the right one character
18
Shift + Rt arrow
CharRightExtend
Extends the selection to the right one character
19
Alt + Shift + C
ClosePane
Closes the active window pane (if you are in Normal View and have, for example, the Footnote pane open)
20
Alt+Drag (or press Ctrl + Shift + F8 and drag, but Alt + Drag is far easier!)
ColumnSelect
Selects a columnar block of text
21
Ctrl +Shift+C
CopyFormat
Copies the formatting of the selection
22
Shift + F2
CopyText
Makes a copy of the selection without using the clipboard (press Return to paste)
23
Alt + F3
CreateAutoText
Adds an AutoText entry to the active template
24
Ctrl+ Backspace
DeleteBackWord
Deletes the previous word without putting it on the Clipboard
25
Ctrl + Del
DeleteWord
Deletes the next word without putting it on the Clipboard
26
Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4
DocClose
Prompts to save the document and then closes the active window. (But doesn't intercept the menu command)
27
Ctrl + F10
DocMaximize
Enlarges the active window to full size
28
Ctrl + F7
DocMove
Changes the position of the active window
29
Ctrl + F5
DocRestore
Restores the window to normal size
30
Ctrl + F8
DocSize
Changes the size of the active window
31
Alt + Ctrl + S
DocSplit
Splits the active window horizontally and then adjusts the split
32
Alt + Shift + F9
DoFieldClick
Executes the action associated with macrobutton fields
33
Ctrl + Shift + D
DoubleUnderline
Double underlines the selection (toggle)
34
Alt R, G
DrawGroup
Groups the selected drawing objects
35
Alt R, I
DrawSnapToGrid
Sets up a grid for aligning drawing objects
36
Alt R, U
DrawUngroup
Ungroups the selected group of drawing objects
37
Ctrl+Shift+F5 (Or: Alt I, K)
EditBookmark
Brings up the bookmark dialog
38
Del
EditClear
Performs a forward delete or removes the selection without putting it on the Clipboard
39
Ctrl+C
EditCopy
Copies the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
40
Ctrl+X
EditCut
Cuts the selection and puts it on the Clipboard
41
Ctrl+F
EditFind
Finds the specified text or the specified formatting
42
F5, Ctrl+G
EditGoTo
Jumps to a specified place in the active document
43
Alt E, K
EditLinks
Allows links to be viewed, updated, opened, or removed
44
Ctrl+V
EditPaste
Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point
45
Alt E, S
EditPasteSpecial
Inserts the Clipboard contents as a linked object, embedded object, or other format
46
Alt + Shift + Backspc
EditRedo
Redoes the last action that was undone
47
F4
EditRedoOrRepeat
Repeats the last command, or redoes the last action that was undone (unfortunately, doesn't work for as many commands in Word 2000 as in Word 97 and below, but this is still one of Word's most useful shortcuts, if not the most useful)
48
Ctrl+H
EditReplace
Finds the specified text or the specified formatting and replaces it
49
Ctrl+A
EditSelectAll
Selects the entire document
50
Ctrl+Z
EditUndo
Reverses the last action
51
Alt + PageDn (to select to end of column, use Alt + Shift + PgDn)
EndOfColumn
Moves to the last cell in the current table column
52
Ctrl+Shift+End
EndOfDocExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the last line of the document
53
Ctrl+End
EndOfDocument
Moves the insertion point to the end of the last line of the document
54
End
EndOfLine
Moves the insertion point to the end of the current line
55
Shift+End
EndOfLineExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the current line
56
Alt+End
EndOfRow
Moves to the last cell in the current row
57
Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
EndOfWindow
Moves the insertion point to the end of the last visible line on the screen
58
Shift + Alt + Ctrl + PgDn
EndOfWindowExtend
Extends the selection to the end of the last visible line on the screen
59
F8 (press Esc to turn off)
ExtendSelection
Turns on extend selection mode and then expands the selection with the direction keys
60
Alt + F4 (<9>)
FileCloseOrExit
Closes the current document, or if no documents are open, quits Word. Horrible command, as it makes it a long winded business to quit Word. But there's a simple solution - assign Alt+F4 to FileExit instead.
61
Alt + F4 (Word 97)
FileExit
Quits Microsoft Word and prompts to save the documents (does intercept the menu item, but not the keyboard shortcut, or the x button. An AutoExit macro is usually a better way of intercepting this).
62
NOT Ctrl+N!!
FileNew
Creates a new document or template (brings up the dialog). Note that: Word pretends that Ctrl+N is assigned to FileNew but it isn't, it's assigned to FileNewDefault You can fix this in Word 2000 by assigning Ctrl+N to the FileNewDialog command. In Word 97 the only way to fix it is to create a macro called FileNew (to do this, press Alt + F8, type "FileNew" without the quotes and Click "Create". The macro will automatically contain the code needed to make it work).
63
Ctrl+N
FileNewDefault
Creates a new document based on the Normal template.
64
Ctrl+O
FileOpen
Opens an existing document or template
65
Alt F, U
FilePageSetup
Changes the page setup of the selected sections
66
Ctrl + P
FilePrint
Prints the active document (brings up the dialog)
67
Ctrl+F2
FilePrintPreview
Displays full pages as they will be printed
68
Alt F, I
FileProperties
Shows the properties of the active document
69
Ctrl+S
FileSave
FileSave
70
Alt F, A (or F12)
FileSaveAs
Saves a copy of the document in a separate file (brings up the dialog)
117
Up arrow
LineUp
Moves the insertion point up one line
118
Shift + up arrow
LineUpExtend
Extends the selection up one line
119
Ctrl + F11
LockFields
Locks the selected fields to prevent updating
120
Alt + Shift + K
MailMergeCheck
Checks for errors in a mail merge
121
Alt+Shift+E
MailMergeEditDataSource
Lets you edit a mail merge data source
122
Alt + Shift + N
MailMergeToDoc
Collects the results of the mail merge in a document
123
Alt Shift + M
MailMergeToPrinter
Sends the results of the mail merge to the printer
124
Alt + Shift + I
MarkCitation
Marks the text you want to include in the table of authorities
125
Alt + Shift + X
MarkIndexEntry
Marks the text you want to include in the index
126
Alt + Shift + O
MarkTableOfContentsEntry
Inserts a TC field (but it is far better to use Heading Styles to generate your Table of Contents instead)
127
Alt or F10
MenuMode
Makes the menu bar active
128
Alt + Shift + F11
MicrosoftScriptEditor
Starts or switches to Microsoft Development Environment application, allowing you to view the HTML/XML source code that would be behind the document if it were in .htm format (or that is behind it if it already is in .htm format).
129
Alt + Ctrl + F1
MicrosoftSystemInfo
Execute the Microsoft System Info application
130
F2
MoveText
Moves the selection to a specified location without using the clipboard (press Return to execute the more)
131
Tab
NextCell
Moves to the next table cell
132
F11
NextField
Moves to the next field
133
Alt + F7
NextMisspelling
Find next spelling error
134
Alt + down arrow
NextObject
Moves to the next object on the page
135
Ctrl + F6
NextWindow
Switches to the next document window, equivalent to selecting a document from the Window menu.
136
Ctrl+Shift+N
NormalStyle
Applies the Normal style
137
Ctrl + 0
OpenOrCloseUpPara
Sets or removes extra spacing above the selected paragraph
138
F6
OtherPane
Switches to another window pane in Normal View (for instance, if you have if you have a Footnotes pane open in Normal view and want to switch to the main document and back without closing the pane).
139
Alt + _
OutlineCollapse
Collapses an Outline in Outline View by one level
140
Alt+Shift+rt arrow
OutlineDemote
Demotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
141
Alt + +
OutlineExpand
Expands an Outline in Outline View by one level
142
Alt+Shift+down arrow
OutlineMoveDown
Moves the selection below the next item in the outline
143
Alt+Shift+up arrow
OutlineMoveUp
Moves the selection above the previous item in the outline
144
Alt+Shift+left arrow
OutlinePromote
Promotes the selected paragraphs one heading level
145
Alt + Shift + L
OutlineShowFirstLine
Toggles between showing the first line of each paragraph only or showing all of the body text in the outline
146
Ins
Overtype
Toggles the typing mode between replacing and inserting
147
PgDn
PageDown
Moves the insertion point and document display to the next screen of text
148
Shift+ PgDn
PageDownExtend
Extends the selection and changes the document display to the next screen of text
149
PgUp
PageUp
Moves the insertion point and document display to the previous screen of text
150
Shift + PgUp
PageUpExtend
Extends the selection and changes the document display to the previous screen of text
151
Ctrl + down arrow
ParaDown
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
152
Shift + Ctrl + down arrow
ParaDownExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the next paragraph
153
Ctrl + up arrow
ParaUp
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph
154
Shift + Ctrl + up arrow
ParaUpExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the previous paragraph
155
Ctrl+Shift+V
PasteFormat
Applies the previously copied formatting to selection
156
Shift + Tab
PrevCell
Moves to the previous table cell
157
Shift + F11
PrevField
Moves to the previous field
158
Alt + up arrow
PrevObject
Moves to the previous object on the page
159
Ctrl + Shift + F6
PrevWindow
Switches back to the previous document window
160
Sfift+F4
RepeatFind
Repeats Go To or Find to find the next occurrence
161
Ctrl+Spacebar
ResetChar
Makes the selection the default character format of the applied style
162
Ctrl+Q
ResetPara
Makes the selection the default paragraph format of the applied style
163
Ctrl +R
RightPara
Aligns the paragraph at the right indent
164
Ctrl + *
ShowAll
Shows/hides all nonprinting characters
165
Alt + Shift + A
ShowAllHeadings
Displays all of the heading levels and the body text in Outline View
166
Ctrl + <
ShrinkFont
Decreases the font size of the selection
167
Ctrl + [
ShrinkFontOnePoint
Decreases the font size of the selection by one point
168
Ctrl + Shift + K
SmallCaps
Makes the selection small capitals (toggle)
169
Ctrl + 1
SpacePara1
Sets the line spacing to single space
170
Ctrl + 5
SpacePara15
Sets the line spacing to one-and-one-half space
171
Ctrl + 2
SpacePara2
Sets the line spacing to double space
172
Ctrl + F3
Spike
Deletes the selection and adds it to the "Spike" AutoText entry (which allows you to move text and graphics from nonadjacent locations)
173
Alt + PgUp
StartOfColumn
Moves to the first cell in the current column
174
Ctrl+Shift+Home
StartOfDocExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the first line of the document
175
Ctrl +Home
StartOfDocument
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first line of the document
176
Home
StartOfLine
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current line
177
Shift+Home
StartOfLineExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the current line
178
Alt+Home
StartOfRow
Moves to the first cell in the current row
179
Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
StartOfWindow
Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
180
Shift+ Alt+Ctrl+PgUp
StartOfWindowExtend
Extends the selection to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen
181
Strl + Shift + S
Style
Activates the Style drop-down on the Formatting toolbar
182
Ctrl + =
Subscript
Makes the selection subscript (toggle)
183
Ctrl + +
Superscript
Makes the selection superscript (toggle)
184
Ctrl + Shift + Q
SymbolFont
Applies the Symbol font to the selection
185
Alt A, F
TableAutoFormat
Applies a set of formatting to a table
186
Alt A, H
TableHeadings
Toggles table headings attribute on and off
187
Alt + click
(Alt + drag to select several)
TableSelectColumn
Selects the current column in a table
188
Click in left margin
TableSelectRow
Selects the current row in a table
189
Alt + double-click
TableSelectTable
Selects an entire table
190
Alt + Ctrl + U
TableUpdateAutoFormat
Updates the table formatting to match the applied Table Autoformat settings
191
Shift + F9 (Alt + F9 toggles all field codes on or off)
ToggleFieldDisplay
Shows the field codes or the results for the selection (toggle)
192
Alt T, C
ToolsCustomize
Allows you to customizes the Word user interface (menus, keyboard and toolbars) and store the customizations in a template (defaults to Normal.dot, so be careful!)
193
Alt + F8
ToolsMacro
Runs, creates, deletes, or revises a macro
194
F7
ToolsProofing
Checks the spelling and grammar in the active document
195
Ctr.l + Shift + E
ToolsRevisionMarksToggle
Toggles track changes for the active document
196
Shift + F7
ToolsThesaurus
Finds a synonym for the selected word
197
Ctrl+U
Underline
Formats the selection with a continuous underline (toggle)
198
Ctrl + Shift + T
(or drag the ruler)
UnHang
Decreases the hanging indent
199
Ctrl + Shift + M
(or drag the ruler)
UnIndent
Moves the left indent to the previous tab stop
200
Ctrl+Shift+F9
UnlinkFields
Permanently replaces the field codes with the results
201
Ctrl + Shift + F11
UnlockFields
Unlocks the selected fields for updating
202
F9
UpdateFields
Updates and displays the results of the selected fields
203
Ctrl + Shiift + F7
UpdateSource
Copies the modified text of a linked file back to its source file
204
Hover over comment
ViewAnnotations
Show or hide the comment pane
205
Dbl-click the endnote reference
ViewEndnoteArea
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the endnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the endnote or vice versa
206
At + F9
ViewFieldCodes
Shows the field codes or results for all fields (toggle)
207
Dbl-click the footnote reference
ViewFootnoteArea
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the footnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnote or vice versa.
208
Alt V, F
ViewFootnotes
If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing footnotes and endnotes (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnotes/endnotes or vice versa.
209
Alt V, H
ViewHeader
Displays header in page layout view
210
Alt V, N
(or Alt + Ctrl + N)
ViewNormal
Changes the editing view to normal view
211
Alt V, O
(or Alt + Ctrl + O)
ViewOutline
Displays a document's outline
212
Alt V, P
(or Alt + Ctrl + P)
ViewPage
Displays the page more-or-less as it will be printed, and allows editing (In Word 2000 the menu item is called Print Layout, but fortunately the command hasn't changed.
213
Alt + F11
ViewVBCode
Shows the VB editing environment (Tools + Macro + Visual Basic Editor)
214
Alt + left arrow
WebGoBack
Backward hyperlink (useful if you clicked on a page number hyperlink in the table of contents and then want to return to the TOC)
215
Alt + rt arrow
WebGoForward
Forward hyperlink
216
Alt W, A
WindowArrangeAll
Arranges windows as non-overlapping tiles
217
Ctrl + left arrow
WordLeft
Moves the insertion point to the left one word
218
Shift + Ctrl + left arrow
WordLeftExtend
Extends the selection to the left one word
219
Ctrl + rt arrow
WordRight
Moves the insertion point to the right one word
220
Shift + Ctrl + rt arrow
WordRightExtend
Extends the selection to the right one word
221
Ctrl + Shift + W
WordUnderline
Underlines the words but not the spaces in the selection (toggle)
100 Key bo@rd §#ortcut§
100+ Keyboard Shortcuts
Enjoy! smile.gif
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Enjoy! smile.gif
CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)
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